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Objective: To investigate the entire spinal cord (SC) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with biplanar MRI and to relate these MRI findings to clinical functional scores. Methods: Two hundred and two patients (140 women, 62 men 24–74 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores 0–7.5) were investigated clinically and with biplanar MRI. Sagittal and axial proton density weighted (PDw) and T2 weighted (T2w) images of the whole SC were obtained employing parallel imaging. Data were analyzed by consensus reading using a standardized reporting scheme. Different combinations of findings were compared to EDSS scores with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ). Results: The combined analysis of sagittal and axial planes demonstrated slightly differing results in 97/202 (48%) patients. There were 9% additional lesions identified, leading to a higher lesion count in 28% of these patients, but also rejection of equivocal abnormality leading to a lower lesion count in 11% of patients. Considering both sagittal and axial images, SC abnormalities were found in 167/202 (83%) patients. When compared with EDSS scores, the combination of focal lesions, signs of atrophy and diffuse abnormalities showed a moderate correlation (ρ=0.52), that precludes its use for individual patient assessment. Conclusion: Biplanar MRI facilitates a comprehensive identification, localization, and grading of pathological SC findings in MS patients. This improves the confidence and utility of SC imaging.

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, most commonly affecting the lungs. Activated CD4+ T cells accumulate in the lungs of individuals with sarcoidosis and are considered to be of central importance for inflammation. We have previously shown that Scandinavian sarcoidosis patients expressing the HLA-DR allele DRB1*0301 are characterized by large accumulations in the lungs of CD4+ T cells expressing the TCR AV2S3 gene segment. This association afforded us a unique opportunity to identify a sarcoidosis-specific antigen recognized by AV2S3+ T cells. To identify candidates for the postulated sarcoidosis-specific antigen, lung cells from 16 HLA-DRB1*0301pos patients were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. HLA-DR molecules were affinity purified and bound peptides acid eluted. Subsequently, peptides were separated by reversed-phase HPLC and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We identified 78 amino acid sequences from self proteins presented in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients, some of which were well-known autoantigens such as vimentin and ATP synthase. For the first time, to our knowledge, we have identified HLA-bound peptides presented in vivo during an inflammatory condition. This approach can be extended to characterize HLA-bound peptides in various autoimmune settings.

Objective: Our purpose was to measure A beta 1-42, T-tau and P-tau181 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), a presenile dementia likely to represent a variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: CSF samples from 34 subjects including 9 patients with PCA, 11 age-matched patients with AD and 14 age-matched cognitively healthy controls were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: The A beta 1-42, T-tau and P-tau181 levels in PCA patients differed significantly (p < 0.02) from those in healthy controls but were indistinguishable from subjects with a clinical diagnosis of AD. Conclusion: High T-tau and P-tau181 and low A beta 1-42 levels in PCA - typically observed in AD - indicate that the underlying pathology of PCA is usually AD. If these findings are replicated in PCA patients with autopsy-confirmed AD neuropathology, PCA patients may be eligible for disease-modifying AD treatments. Copyright [copy 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel

Objective: Our purpose was to measure Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-tau181 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), a presenile dementia likely to represent a variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: CSF samples from 34 subjects including 9 patients with PCA, 11 age-matched patients with AD and 14 age-matched cognitively healthy controls were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: The Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-tau181 levels in PCA patients differed significantly (p < 0.02) from those in healthy controls but were indistinguishable from subjects with a clinical diagnosis of AD. Conclusion: High T-tau and P-tau181 and low Aβ1-42 levels in PCA - typically observed in AD - indicate that the underlying pathology of PCA is usually AD. If these findings are replicated in PCA patients with autopsy-confirmed AD neuropathology, PCA patients may be eligible for disease-modifying AD treatments. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Our purpose was to measure Abeta(1-42), T-tau and P-tau(181) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), a presenile dementia likely to represent a variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). CSF samples from 34 subjects including 9 patients with PCA, 11 age-matched patients with AD and 14 age-matched cognitively healthy controls were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. The Abeta(1-42), T-tau and P-tau(181) levels in PCA patients differed significantly (p < 0.02) from those in healthy controls but were indistinguishable from subjects with a clinical diagnosis of AD. High T-tau and P-tau(181) and low Abeta(1-42) levels in PCA - typically observed in AD - indicate that the underlying pathology of PCA is usually AD. If these findings are replicated in PCA patients with autopsy-confirmed AD neuropathology, PCA patients may be eligible for disease-modifying AD treatments.

Objective: Our purpose was to measure Aβ 1–42 , T-tau and P-tau 181 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), a presenile dementia likely to represent a variant of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: CSF samples from 34 subjects including 9 patients with PCA, 11 age-matched patients with AD and 14 age-matched cognitively healthy controls were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: The Aβ 1–42 , T-tau and P-tau 181 levels in PCA patients differed significantly (p < 0.02) from those in healthy controls but were indistinguishable from subjects with a clinical diagnosis of AD. Conclusion: High T-tau and P-tau 181 and low Aβ 1–42 levels in PCA – typically observed in AD – indicate that the underlying pathology of PCA is usually AD. If these findings are replicated in PCA patients with autopsy-confirmed AD neuropathology, PCA patients may be eligible for disease-modifying AD treatments.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced with myelin proteins in DA and LEW.1AV1 rats is a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). It reproduces major aspects of this detrimental disease of the central nervous system. MS is associated with the HLA-DRB1*1501, DRB5*0101, and DQB1*0602 haplotype. DA and LEW.1AV1 rats share the RT1av1 haplotype. So far, no MHC class II peptide motif of RT1.Da molecules has been described. Sequence alignment of the beta chain of the rat MHC class II molecule RT1.Da with human HLA class II molecules revealed strong similarity in the peptide-binding groove of RT1.Da and HLA-DRB1*1501. According to the putative peptide-binding pockets of RT1.Da, after comparison with the pockets of HLA-DRB1*1501, we predicted the peptide motif of RT1.Da. To verify the predicted motif, naturally processed peptides were eluted by acidic treatment from immunoaffinity-purified RT1.Da molecules of lymphoid tissue of DA rats and subsequently analyzed by ESI tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we performed binding studies with combinatorial nonapeptide libraries to purified RT1.Da molecules. Based on these studies we could define a peptide-binding motif for RT1.Da characterized by aliphatic amino acid residues (L, I, V, M) and of F for the peptide pocket P1, aromatic residues (F, Y, W) for P4, basic residues (K, R) for P6, aliphatic residues (I, L, V) for P7, and aromatic residues (F, Y, W) and L for P9. Both methods revealed similar binding characteristics for peptides to RT1.Da. This data will allow epitope predictions for analysis of peptides, relevant for experimental autoimmune diseases.

European hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) is an economically and nutritionally important nut crop with wild and cultivated populations found throughout Europe and in parts of Asia. This study examined the molecular genetic diversity and population structure of 402 genotypes including 143 wild individuals, 239 landraces, and 20 cultivars from the Turkish national hazelnut collection using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 30 SSR markers yielded 407 polymorphic fragments. Diversity analysis of the Turkish hazelnut genotypes indicated that they fell into three subpopulations according to ad hoc statistics and neighbor-joining algorithm. Although all cultivars clustered together, they overlapped with the wild accessions and landraces. Thus, the dendrogram, principal coordinate, and population structure analyses suggest that they share the same gene pool. A total of 78 accessions were selected as a core set to encompass the molecular genetic and morphological diversity present in the national collection. This core set should have priority in preservation efforts and in trait characterization.

Dijital teknolojinin sürekli gelişmesi ile paralel olarak, birçok meslek de bu değişime uyum sağlamakzorunda kalmaktadır. Muhasebe mesleği, bu değişimden en çok etkilenen mesleklerdendir. Bu çalışmayla,dijitalleşme sürecinin gelişimi incelenmiş ve dijitalleşmenin muhasebe uygulamalarına etkileriölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma; İstanbul bölgesinde çalışan Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirmeslek mensupları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada anket yöntemi kullanılmış, sonuçlar istatistikiyöntemler kullanılarak test edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar açıklanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre,meslek mensuplarının dijital teknoloji ile ilgili gelişmeleri mesleki uygulamalar boyutuyla takip ettiklerive mesleki uygulamalarda önemli ölçüde kullandıkları görülmüştür. In parallel with the continuous development of digital technology, many professions have to adapt tothis change. The accounting profession is one of the professions most effected by this change. Withthis study, the development of the digitization process has been examined and the effects of dihitalizationon accounting applications have been measured. Reserch was caried out on self-employedaccountants working in Istanbul region. The survey method was used and the results were tested usingstatistical methods. According to the results of the research, it was observed that the members of theprofession follow the developments related to digital technology with the Professional practices dimensionand use them in Professional practices significantly.

Dijital teknolojinin sürekli gelişmesi ile paralel olarak, birçok meslek de bu değişime uyum sağlamak zorunda kalmaktadır. Muhasebe mesleği, bu değişimden en çok etkilenen mesleklerdendir. Bu çalışmayla, dijitalleşme sürecinin gelişimi incelenmiş ve dijitalleşmenin muhasebe uygulamalarına etkileri ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma; İstanbul bölgesinde çalışan Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavir meslek mensupları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada anket yöntemi kullanılmış, sonuçlar istatistiki yöntemler kullanılarak test edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar açıklanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, meslek mensuplarının dijital teknoloji ile ilgili gelişmeleri mesleki uygulamalar boyutuyla takip ettikleri ve mesleki uygulamalarda önemli ölçüde kullandıkları görülmüştür.