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قواعد الطبخ الماكروبيوتيكي : إعداد آلاف الأطباق الصحية والشهية باستخدام ما يزيد على 300 وصفة طبخ
التزمت جولي فيريه مؤلفة هذا الكتاب النظام الغذائي الماكروبيوتيكي في العام 1980، وفي البداية، وجدت صعوبة كبيرة في العثور على وصفات مناسبة، أو أفكار تساعدها على تنويع ما تعده من أطباق صحية بسيطة قوامها الحبوب الكاملة والخضر الطازجة، فقد كانت كتب الطهي المتوافرة تخذلها كلما حاولت أن تجد فيها فيها ما يعد بأكثر من طبق الأرز المسلوق مع الخضر، تبدلت الأمور مع جوليا خيرية عندما شاركت في مخيمات صيفية أقامتها مؤسسة فيغا للدراسات، وقدمت فيها كورنيليا إيهارا دروسا خاصة في فنون الطهي الماكروبيوتيكي ؛ ثم عندما قررت البقاء في هذه المؤسسة ومواصلة عملها كمساعدة لكورنيليا إيهارا في هذا المجال.
BOOK
Characterization and Development of EST-SSRs by Deep Transcriptome Sequencing in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are among the most important markers for population analysis and have been widely used in plant genetic mapping and molecular breeding. Expressed sequence tag-SSR (EST-SSR) markers, located in the coding regions, are potentially more efficient for QTL mapping, gene targeting, and marker-assisted breeding. In this study, we investigated 51,694 nonredundant unigenes, assembled from clean reads from deep transcriptome sequencing with a Solexa/Illumina platform, for identification and development of EST-SSRs in Chinese cabbage. In total, 10,420 EST-SSRs with over 12 bp were identified and characterized, among which 2744 EST-SSRs are new and 2317 are known ones showing polymorphism with previously reported SSRs. A total of 7877 PCR primer pairs for 1561 EST-SSR loci were designed, and primer pairs for twenty-four EST-SSRs were selected for primer evaluation. In nineteen EST-SSR loci (79.2%), amplicons were successfully generated with high quality. Seventeen (89.5%) showed polymorphism in twenty-four cultivars of Chinese cabbage. The polymorphic alleles of each polymorphic locus were sequenced, and the results showed that most polymorphisms were due to variations of SSR repeat motifs. The EST-SSRs identified and characterized in this study have important implications for developing new tools for genetics and molecular breeding in Chinese cabbage.
Journal Article
SEAFEC: a spatial–edge adaptive convolution for multi-scale and boundary-aware plant disease and weed imagery
Plant diseases and weeds are among the leading biological threats to global crop production. While deep learning has advanced automated analysis, existing approaches often fail under challenges like large multi-scale variations and blurred boundaries.
To address this, we propose SEAFEC (Spatial-Edge Adaptive Feature Enhancement Convolution), a novel convolutional module that jointly enhances scale adaptivity and boundary precision. SEAFEC employs a dual-branch design: the SCARF branch dynamically adjusts receptive fields, while the MEFE branch explicitly strengthens edge features.
Across three representative tasks-plant disease classification, corn leaf disease detection, and sugarcane-weed segmentation-SEAFEC achieved consistent improvements (+1.8% accuracy, +2.5% mAP, +3.4% mIoU), with notable gains in boundary-sensitive cases.
These results highlight SEAFEC as a general-purpose enhancement module, providing a unified solution for tackling scale-boundary challenges in agricultural imagery to support reliable disease diagnosis and precision weed management.
Journal Article
Deciphering the epigenetic alphabet involved in transgenerational stress memory in crops
Although epigenetic modifications have been intensely investigated over the last decade due to their role in crop adaptation to rapid climate change, it is unclear which epigenetic changes are heritable and therefore transmitted to their progeny. The identification of epigenetic marks that are transmitted to the next generations is of primary importance for their use in breeding and for the development of new cultivars with a broad-spectrum of tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss general aspects of plant responses to environmental stresses and provide an overview of recent findings on the role of transgenerational epigenetic modifications in crops. In addition, we take the opportunity to describe the aims of EPI-CATCH, an international COST action consortium composed by researchers from 28 countries. The aim of this COST action launched in 2020 is: (1) to define standardized pipelines and methods used in the study of epigenetic mechanisms in plants, (2) update, share, and exchange findings in epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in plants, (3) develop new concepts and frontiers in plant epigenetics and epigenomics, (4) enhance dissemination, communication, and transfer of knowledge in plant epigenetics and epigenomics.
Journal Article
Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida
Petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.
Journal Article
The H+-ATPase HA1 of Medicago truncatula Is Essential for Phosphate Transport and Plant Growth during Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
Key feature of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is improved phosphorus nutrition of the host plant via the mycorrhizal pathway, i.e., the fungal uptake of Pi from the soil and its release from arbuscules within root cells. Efficient transport of Pi from the fungus to plant cells is thought to require a proton gradient across the periarbuscular membrane (PAM) that separates fungal arbuscules from the host cell cytoplasm. Previous studies showed that the H+-ATPase gene HA1 is expressed specifically in arbuscule-containing root cells of Medicago truncatula. We isolated a ha1-2 mutant of M. truncatula and found it to be impaired in the development of arbuscules but not in root colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis hyphae. Artificial microRNA silencing of HA1 recapitulated this phenotype, resulting in small and truncated arbuscules. Unlike the wild type, the ha1-2 mutant failed to show a positive growth response to mycorrhizal colonization under Pi-limiting conditions. Uptake experiments confirmed that ha1-2 mutants are unable to take up phosphate via the mycorrhizal pathway. Increased pH in the apoplast of abnormal arbuscule-containing cells of the ha1-2 mutant compared with the wild type suggests that HA1 is crucial for building a proton gradient across the PAM and therefore is indispensible for the transfer of Pi from the fungus to the plant
Journal Article
A new method to estimate photosynthetic parameters through net assimilation rate-intercellular space CO2 concentration (A-C-i) curve and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements
Gas exchange (GE) and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) measurements are widely used to noninvasively study photosynthetic parameters, for example the rates of maximum Rubisco carboxylation (V-cmax), electron transport rate (J), daytime respiration (R-d) and mesophyll conductance (g(m)). Existing methods for fitting GE data (net assimilation rate-intercellular space CO2 concentration (A-C-i) curve) are based on two assumptions: g(m) is unvaried with CO2 concentration in the intercellular space (C-i); and light absorption () and the proportion of quanta absorbed by photosystem II () are constant in the data set. These may result in significant bias in estimating photosynthetic parameters. To avoid the above-mentioned hypotheses, we present a new method for fitting A-C-i curves and CF data simultaneously. This method was applied to a data set obtained from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves of various leaf ages and grown under eight different light conditions. The new method had significantly lower root mean square error and a lower rate of failures compared with previously published methods (6.72% versus 24.1%, respectively) and the effect of light conditions on V-cmax and J was better observed. Furthermore, the new method allows the estimation of a new parameter, the fraction of incoming irradiance harvested by photosystem II, and the dependence of g(m) on C-i.
Journal Article
A theoretical framework to improve the adoption of green Integrated Pest Management tactics
Sustainable agriculture relies on implementing effective, eco-friendly crop protection strategies. However, the adoption of these green tactics by growers is limited by their high costs resulting from the insufficient integration of various components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In response, we propose a framework within IPM termed Multi-Dimensional Management of Multiple Pests (3MP). Within this framework, a spatial dimension considers the interactive effects of soil-crop-pest-natural enemy networks on pest prevalence, while a time dimension addresses pest interactions over the crop season. The 3MP framework aims to bolster the adoption of green IPM tactics, thereby extending environmental benefits beyond crop protection.
A theoretical framework, the Multi-Dimensional Management of Multiple Pests, is proposed to enhance the adoption of green Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tactics and encourage a more comprehensive assessment of environmental benefits.
Journal Article
Detection of QTLs for important agronomical traits in hexaploid wheat using association analysis
One of the main wheat breeder's goals is determining specific genomic regions which control important agronomical traits. Association analysis is a new strategy with high resolution in plant molecular breeding that could be used to improve the efficiency of marker assisted selection (MAS) for finding important QTLs (quantitative trait loci) or genes. A set of 96 diverse wheat genotypes was phenotypically measured during three growing seasons (2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09). Microsatellite markers located near important QTLs were carefully chosen in accordance with existing literature data to validate marker trait associations (MTA). Genomic DNA was extracted using the CTAB method and PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis. The population structure was assigned based on molecular data in Structure v. 2.0 software, while association analysis was done by the Tassel program using the Q matrix. Nine significant associations were stable in all years investigated and eight MTA were detected to be significant in two growing seasons. Microsatellite markers which showed significant associations and stability in different seasons can be useful and suitable for MAS in Serbian wheat breeding programs.
Journal Article