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"Polish language Translations into English Case studies."
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Major English Equivalents of the Polish Impersonal -no/-to Construction in Translated Academic Prose: A Parallel Corpus-Driven Study of Research Article Abstracts
This study explores some of the factors underlying the choice from among the major English translation equivalents of the Polish impersonal construction with -no/-to verb forms in academic writing. Based on a parallel corpus of 487 Polish abstracts of research articles in linguistics and their English versions, Multiple Correspondence Analysis is deployed as an exploratory technique to identify potential associations among three types of constructions employed in the English target texts and four usage features related to the Polish source texts. Binary Logistic Regression is then used on a subset of the data with two most frequent constructions to determine the significance and strength of the correlations. The results indicate that while the agentless passive is the default structural equivalent of the Polish -no/-to construction, three factors may prompt the use of an active-voice structure with an inanimate subject, which was found to be the second major equivalent. These factors include: the presence of a locative adjunct referring to the study being summarized, the semantic type of the process denoted by the -no/-to verb, and the length of the NP functioning as the complement of the verb. The fourth usage feature under examination, namely the position of the complement in relation to the verb, seems to be less significantly correlated with the translation choice between the two major constructions in English.
Journal Article
Translating philosophical texts: A case study of Charles Taylor’s Modern Social Imaginaries in English-Polish translation
The paper examines the challenges inherent in translating philosophical discourse, arguing that while specialist knowledge is important, a strong command of both source and target languages, along with an understanding of contrastive grammar and basic translation rules, is equally crucial. The study, preceded by a short overview of relationships between philosophy and translation, analyzes selected translation errors in Nowoczesne imaginaria społeczne – the Polish version of Charles Taylor’s Modern social imaginaries. It demonstrates that these errors likely stem from a lack of understanding of the original’s syntactical and lexical intricacies, rather than a misinterpretation of Taylor’s philosophical ideas. The analysis highlights such errors as mishandled anaphoric references, incorrect case government, inappropriate word order resulting from interference, and problematic lexical and terminological choices. The paper concludes that successful translation of philosophical texts requires not only solid philosophical knowledge but also thorough linguistic preparation, including detailed knowledge of contrastive grammar and familiarity with translation principles. It emphasizes the need for future training of philosophical translators to focus on developing these linguistic skills, underscoring that subject expertise alone is insufficient without mastery of both source and target languages. The study also stresses the importance of proper editorial oversight and verification in specialist translation.
Journal Article
PANOWIE I PAŃSTWO NA SZEKSPIRZE: CZESŁAW MIŁOSZ I ROMAN BRANDSTAETTER JAKO TŁUMACZE SZEKSPIROWSKICH DZIEŁ W POLSKIEJ RZECZPOSPOLITEJ LUDOWEJ 1
The paper aims to shed light on the relationship between Shakespeare, his translators, and the authorities of the Polish Peoples Republic during the late 1940s and early 1950s. The case studies of Czeslaw Milosz and Roman Brandstaetter will serve to illustrate both the artistic and supportive function of their translation endeavours completed under the patronage of the communist state. By delving into the rich archival material (published as well as unpublished), I would like to focus on the political and social circumstances that determined Miloszs and Brandstaetters routes towards translating Shakespeare.
Journal Article
Reassembling Sacred Relics: Translation, Diaspora, and Andriy Chaikovsky's Za Sestroyu
The act of translation is intimately bound with migration: the Latin translatio, meaning \"to ferry or carry across,\" was originally used to name the process of moving and transplanting sacred relics. A case study of the English translation and serialization of Andriy Chaikovsky's 1907 novel Za Sestroyu illuminates how cherished children's books move with, and are transformed alongside, migrant communities. Initially a Ukrainian nationalist allegory, Chaikovsky's novel took on new resonance with its 1941–42 serial publication in the American diasporic newspaper The Ukrainian Weekly, particularly insofar as it symbolically performed the conflict that young Ukrainian Americans faced between cultural assimilation and fidelity to a distant homeland.
Journal Article
Adaptacja jako krwawe bagno. Tłumacząc spektakl 2008: Macbeth na angielski
The article presents the challenges of dramatic adaptation through a case study: the translation of English surtitles for a Polish production based on Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth. The play in question, 2008: Macbeth, was a highly stylized, bigbudget adaptation written and directed by Grzegorz Jarzyna. It is set in the modern day and contains text and scenes added by Jarzyna to comment on contemporary politics and military culture. The Polish he uses and that found in Barańczak’s translation that served as the source text for 2008: Macbeth feel more contemporary than Elizabethan English; therefore, the material written by Jarzyna is much closer to Barańczak’s “original” text than to Shakespeare’s. An additional challenge in writing the surtitles was the canonical status of Shakespeare’s Macbeth and the audiences’ familiarity with this text. A translation focused on conveying Jarzyna’s artistic messages could thus alienate viewers who approach 2008: Macbeth as a foreign-language reworking of Shakespeare, rather than an original work. Applying common theoretical concepts, such as adaptation/translation, source/target, and textual/performative, the article examines the process and strategies employed in producing the English supertitles for 2008: Macbeth and the play’s reception in the U.S. and U.K.
Journal Article
Revising Anna Świrszczyńska: The Shifting Stance of Czesław Miłosz's English Translations
This article reconstructs Czesław Miłosz's multiple translations into English, done between 1983 and 2002, of the Polish author Anna Świrszczyńska's poetry as a case study contrasting the ideological underpinnings of his translations prior to the fall of Communism in 1989 with those he presented after, when literature could cross more freely between the two cultures. Because Miłosz's translations of Świrszczyńska's poetry appeared in three different versions, two books for the American audience and one book for the Polish audience, it is possible to track a process of travel at work behind his translations. The three books demonstrate how translated texts often circulate in our globalized literary culture, first when a work of literature crosses from one language to another (from source to target culture), then when knowledge of the translation recrosses back to the original culture. This process of travel shows that translation from a \"minor\" language such as Polish to a \"major\" language such as English is often used in an attempt to preserve, broaden, and canonize the source literature, regardless of the translation's effects in the target culture.
Journal Article
Polish as a foreign language at elementary level of instruction : crosslinguistic influences in writing
Being a minority European language, Polish has not attracted the attention of second language research (SLA) very much. Most studies in the area focus on English and other major languages describing variables and process observed in learners’ interlanguage development. This article looks at the language performance of elementary learners of Polish as a foreign language with a view to diagnosing areas of difficulty at the initial stages of language instruction. It is a case study of five learners’ written production after a year of intensive language instruction in the controlled conditions of a classroom. The objective of the study presented here is: 1. to determine the types of error produced in a short translation task at different levels of language (morphosyntactic, lexical) 2. to observe manifestations of crosslinguistic influences between languages the subjects know (interlingual transfer) as well as those related to the language learnt itself (intralingual transfer). The small sample of texts produced does not allow for any generalized observations and conclusions, however, at the level of elementary competence in any foreign language, as other research shows, the amount of individual variation is not the most significant factor. Thus the incorrect forms produced may testify to some more universally error-prone areas of language. The value of this kind of analysis lies in this direct application to the teaching of Polish as a synthetic language. The study also demonstrates the fact that communicative teaching has a limited contribution to make in the case of this family of languages. It suggests that overt and explicit teaching of a synthetic language will give a sounder basis for further development of language competence in its communicative dimension.
Journal Article