eBook

World Development Report 2010

World Bank

2010,2009

Overview

Thirty years ago, half the developing world lived in extreme poverty today, a quarter. Now, a much smaller share of children are malnourished and at risk of early death. And access to modern infrastructure is much more widespread. Critical to the progress: rapid economic growth driven by technological innovation and institutional reform, particularly in today's middle- income countries, where per capita incomes have doubled. Yet the needs remain enormous, with the number of hungry people having passed the billion marks this year for the first time in history. With so many still in poverty and hunger, growth and poverty alleviation remain the overarching priority for developing countries. Climate change only makes the challenge more complicated. First, the impacts of a changing climate are already being felt, with more droughts, more floods, more strong storms, and more heat waves-taxing individuals, firms, and governments, drawing resources away from development. Second, continuing climate change, at current rates, will pose increasingly severe challenges to development. By century's end, it could lead to warming of 5°C or more compared with preindustrial times and to a vastly different world from today, with more extreme weather events, most ecosystems stressed and changing, many species doomed to extinction, and whole island nations threatened by inundation. Even our best efforts are unlikely to stabilize temperatures at anything less than 2°C above preindustrial temperatures, warming that will require substantial adaptation. High income countries can and must reduce their carbon footprints. They cannot continue to fill up an unfair and unsustainable share of the atmospheric commons. But developing countries whose average per capita emissions are a third those of high income countries need massive expansions in energy, transport, urban systems, and agricultural production. If pursued using traditional technologies and carbon intensities, these much-needed expansions will produce more greenhouse gases and, hence, more climate change. The question, then, is not just how to make development more resilient to climate change. It is how to pursue growth and prosperity without causing \"dangerous\" climate change.

• Publisher: World Bank,World Bank Publications,The World Bank,Washington, DC
• Subject: AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS / AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES / AGRICULTURE / AIR / AIR FREIGHT / AIRCRAFT / AIRPORTS / ARTERIES / BARRIER / BASIC EDUCATION / BIG CITIES / BUYERS / CARS / CATALYSTS / CENTRAL PLANNING / CLIMATE CHANGE / Climatic changes / COMMON MARKET / COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY / COMMUTERS / COMPETITIVENESS / CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION / CONGESTION / CONSUMPTION LEVELS / CONTRIBUTIONS / COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE / COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER / CROSSING / CURRENCY / DECENTRALIZATION / DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS / Development indicators / DEVELOPMENT POLICIES / DIRECT ACCESS / Disaster risk reduction / DISPOSABLE INCOME / DISSEMINATION / DOMESTIC MARKETS / DRINKING WATER / DRIVERS / DYNAMIC ECONOMIES / DYNAMIC ECONOMY / EARNINGS / ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY / Economic and social development / Economic aspects / ECONOMIC CONCENTRATION / ECONOMIC COOPERATION / ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT / ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY / ECONOMIC GROWTH / ECONOMIC IMBALANCE / ECONOMIC INTEGRATION / ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY / ECONOMIC PROGRESS / ECONOMIC PROSPERITY / ECONOMIC RESEARCH / ECONOMIES OF SCALE / EMISSIONS / Environmental aspects / EXCHANGE RATES / EXPORTS / Food production / FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT / FOREIGN MARKETS / FREE TRADE / FREE TRADE AGREEMENT / FREIGHT COSTS / GDP / GDP PER CAPITA / GLOBAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT / GLOBAL MARKET / GLOBAL MARKETS / GLOBALIZATION / GNP / GOVERNMENT POLICIES / GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT / GROSS NATIONAL INCOME / HIGHWAY / HIGHWAYS / HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS / HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT / HUMAN SETTLEMENTS / ILLITERACY / IMMIGRATION / IMPORTANT POLICY / INCOME / INCOME DISPARITIES / INCOME LEVELS / INCOME TAX / INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT / INDUSTRIALIZATION / INEFFICIENCY / INFORMATION SYSTEM / INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY / INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS / INTERNAL MIGRANTS / INTERNATIONAL BORDERS / INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL / INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS / INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS / INTERNATIONAL TRADE / JOURNEY / KIDS / LARGE CITIES / LEGAL STATUS / LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT / LIFE EXPECTANCY / LIFETIME / LITERACY RATES / LIVING STANDARD / LIVING STANDARDS / LOCAL ECONOMY / LOW INCOME / LOW INCOMES / LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES / MALARIA / MARKET ACCESS / MARKET CONDITIONS / MERCANTILISM / MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES / MIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIES / MIGRANTS / MIGRATION / MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS / MOBILE PHONE / MOBILITY / MORTALITY / MOVEMENTS OF PEOPLE / NATIONAL INCOME / NATIONAL LEVELS / NEIGHBORHOODS / NUTRITION / PACE OF URBANIZATION / PER CAPITA INCOMES / PERSISTENT POVERTY / POLICY DISCUSSIONS / POLICY FRAMEWORK / POLICY IMPLICATIONS / POLICY MAKERS / POLICY RESEARCH / POLICY RESPONSE / POOR NATIONS / POOR PEOPLE / POPULATION DENSITIES / POPULATION DENSITY / POPULATION GROWTH / PORTFOLIO / POVERTY RATE / POVERTY RATES / PREFERENTIAL ACCESS / PRIMARY HEALTH CARE / PROFIT MARGINS / PUBLIC POLICY / PUBLIC SERVICES / PURCHASING POWER / RAILWAY / RAILWAYS / RAPID GROWTH / REGIONAL AGREEMENTS / REGIONAL COOPERATION / REGIONAL INTEGRATION / REGIONAL TRADE / REMOTE AREAS / RESOURCE MANAGEMENT / Resources management / RICHER COUNTRIES / ROAD / ROADS / RURAL AREAS / SANITATION / Self help / SENIOR / SHARE OF CAPITAL / SLUM DWELLERS / SMALL COUNTRY / SOCIAL POLICIES / SPEEDS / STREETS / SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT / TAX SYSTEM / TAXATION / TELECOMMUNICATIONS / TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY / TRADES / TRAINS / TRANSPORT / TRANSPORT CORRIDORS / TRANSPORT COSTS / TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE / TRANSPORT POLICIES / TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY / TRIP / TRUE / UNDERLYING PROBLEM / UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION / URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS / URBAN AREAS / URBAN POPULATION / URBAN POPULATION GROWTH / URBAN SETTLEMENTS / URBANIZATION / URBANIZED COUNTRIES / VALUABLE / WAGES / WAR / WEALTH / WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS / WORLD MARKETS / WORLD TRADE / WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION / WORTH / WTO / Yearbooks
• ISBN: 9780821379875, 0821379879