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mGem: When immunity turns against itself—GM-CSF autoantibodies drive opportunistic infection risk
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Journal Article
mGem: When immunity turns against itself—GM-CSF autoantibodies drive opportunistic infection risk
2025
Overview
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies represent an expanding field in immunology, and their study has revealed crucial insights into immune cell dysfunction. These autoantibodies are now classified by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) as phenocopies of primary immunological deficiencies within the broader category of inborn immunity defects. Indeed, the critical importance of these autoantibodies became starkly apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic when patients with type I interferon autoantibodies showed significantly higher rates of severe illness. This review examines how neutralizing autoantibodies, exemplified by those targeting granulocyte monocyte stimulating factor, can compromise immune function in otherwise immunocompetent individuals, making them more susceptible to specific fungal and bacterial infections. This understanding highlights the crucial role of anti-cytokine antibodies in infection susceptibility and immune system regulation.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology,American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Subject
/ Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
/ COVID-19
/ GM-CSF
/ Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
/ Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - immunology
/ Humans
/ Immunity
/ Kinases
/ Ligands
/ Macrophage Activation and Deactivation
/ Macrophage Function in Innate Immunity
/ Macrophage-Pathogen Interactions
/ Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology
/ Mutation
/ Nocardia
/ Opportunistic Infections - immunology
/ Proteins
/ Signal Transduction Pathways
/ Tissue-Specific Macrophages (e.g., Alveolar, Peritoneal, Bone Marrow-Derived)
