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Male-killing toxin in a bacterial symbiont of Drosophila
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Male-killing toxin in a bacterial symbiont of Drosophila
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Journal Article
Male-killing toxin in a bacterial symbiont of Drosophila
2018
Overview
Several lineages of symbiotic bacteria in insects selfishly manipulate host reproduction to spread in a population
1
, often by distorting host sex ratios.
Spiroplasma poulsonii
2
,
3
is a helical and motile, Gram-positive symbiotic bacterium that resides in a wide range of
Drosophila
species
4
. A notable feature of
S. poulsonii
is male killing, whereby the sons of infected female hosts are selectively killed during development
1
,
2
. Although male killing caused by
S. poulsonii
has been studied since the 1950s, its underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we identify an
S. poulsonii
protein, designated Spaid, whose expression induces male killing. Overexpression of Spaid in
D. melanogaster
kills males but not females, and induces massive apoptosis and neural defects, recapitulating the pathology observed in
S. poulsonii
-infected male embryos
5
–
11
. Our data suggest that Spaid targets the dosage compensation machinery on the male X chromosome to mediate its effects. Spaid contains ankyrin repeats and a deubiquitinase domain, which are required for its subcellular localization and activity. Moreover, we found a laboratory mutant strain of
S. poulsonii
with reduced male-killing ability and a large deletion in the
spaid
locus. Our study has uncovered a bacterial protein that affects host cellular machinery in a sex-specific way, which is likely to be the long-searched-for factor responsible for
S. poulsonii
-induced male killing.
The Spaid protein is identified and shown to be responsible for the male-killing effects of Spiroplasma poulsonii in Drosophila.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 13/2
/ 13/51
/ 14/19
/ 14/35
/ 38/22
/ 38/23
/ 38/77
/ 64/24
/ Animals
/ Ankyrins
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Bacterial Toxins - metabolism
/ Dosage Compensation, Genetic - genetics
/ Drosophila melanogaster - embryology
/ Drosophila melanogaster - genetics
/ Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology
/ Embryos
/ Female
/ Females
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Insects
/ Letter
/ Male
/ Males
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ Toxins
