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Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America: Vulnerability Leading to More Vulnerability
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Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America: Vulnerability Leading to More Vulnerability
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Journal Article
Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America: Vulnerability Leading to More Vulnerability
2022
Overview
The COVID-19 pandemic struck the world in 2020 and was particularly harsh in Latin America, where a combination of social disparities and vulnerabilities led to unprecedented health and economic crises.1 One remarkable impact is the exceedingly high death toll in the region, especially given the \"excess mortality rate,\" which is probably the measure that best reflects the total numbers of direct and indirect deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic.2,3When the pandemic hit Latin America, there was a misconception that its effect in the region would be lighter than that in Europe, considering the younger Latin American population. However, after accounting for the population age difference, the infection fatality rates were worse in Latin America and in low- and middle-income countries compared with higher-income European nations.2,4 Although age is an objective measure, different life course stressors could mean that individuals (and populations) with the same biological age will have extremely different health risks.5,6 Vulnerable individuals in low- and middleincome countries are commonly exposed to hazardous nutritional, environmental, and occupational factors and suffer from social marginalization, structural racism, and poverty. Therefore, comparing countries with large inequities with those with much less inequity based solely on age addresses the life course history and risks of populations facing COVID-19 only superficially. The implementation of social protection systems is a way to tackle vulnerabilities in the region. A governmental commitment to fiscally support such efforts and actively work with vulnerable populations to solve constraints and disparities is critical for Latin American states to adequately respond to future health crises.
