Journal Article

Hemophilia in Mexico: Updated Consensus Recommendations on Diagnosis, Treatment and Gene Therapy

García-Castillo, Carolina, López-Arroyo, José L., Montero-Palomo, Fernando, Merino Pasaye, Laura E., Alvarado Ibarra, Martha, Cabello-Modesto, Daniel, Cruz-García, Carolina F., Herrera-Olivares, W., Alvarez-Vera, José L., Gómez-Núñez de Cáceres, M. Cecilia, Teomitzi-Sánchez, Óscar, Macías Flores, Juan P., Martínez-Ríos, Annel, Perez-Zincer, Fernando, Anaya-Cuellar, Irene, Cervantes-Sánchez, Israel, Torres-Giron, Yessica, Mera-González, Alma B., Montoya Jiménez, Leire, De la Peña-Celaya, J. Antonio, Pérez Zúñiga, Juan M., Espitia-Ríos, M. Eugenia, Ávila-Castro, David, Chávez-Aguilar, Lénica A., Martínez-Murillo, Carlos, Miranda-Madrazo, M. Raquel, Villela-Peña, Atenas, Loera-Fragoso, Sergio J., Ramirez-Hoyos, Ana P., Morales Adrián, Javier de Jesús, Ruiz-Contreras, Josué I., Valencia Rivas, Maria D., Rodríguez-Cedeño, Emmanuel R., Madera-Maldonado, Cristina E., Ovilla Martínez, Roberto, Hernández-Ruiz, Eleazar, Arana-Luna, Luara L., Gutiérrez-Gómez, Geraldin M., Ramírez-Muñiz, Nishalle, García Chávez, Pablo A., Tapia-Enriquez, Ana L., Leyto-Cruz, Faustino, García-Cháve

2026

Overview

Hemophilia is an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder, classified as type A or type B. Therapeutic advances offer new treatment options that improve disease control and reduce associated complications, including inhibitor development and hemophilic arthropathy. This document aims to update the Mexican hemophilia consensus, reviewing current evidence on diagnosis and management, and addressing gaps in the treatment and follow-up of patients in Mexico, aligning local needs with international recommendations. A PubMed literature search covering the last five years (up to September 2025) was conducted, prioritizing consensus statements, guidelines, and systematic reviews. Using the Delphi methodology, a structured questionnaire was submitted electronically to forty-four experts. Aspects without initial agreement were discussed at an in-person meeting. Consensus was defined as at least 80% of votes in favor. Recommendations were issued across six domains: laboratory diagnosis, genetic testing, management of hemophilia A and B without and with inhibitors, adjuvant treatments, and gene therapy. The recommendations address prophylaxis with coagulation factor concentrates, non-factor therapies, immune tolerance induction, perioperative management, pain management, and eligibility criteria and follow-up protocols for gene therapy with adeno-associated viral vectors. This consensus provides updated, evidence-based recommendations adapted to the Mexican healthcare context, identifying priority areas, including timely access to non-factor therapies and gene therapy, development of a national referral network for complex cases, and inclusion of novel therapeutic agents in the institutional essential medicines list, with the aim of improving the quality of life of people with hemophilia in Mexico.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
• Subject: Agreements / Delphi method / Diagnosis / Disease control / Disease prevention / Expression vectors / Families & family life / Gene therapy / Genes / Genetic counseling / Hemophilia / hemophilia A / hemophilia B / Immunological tolerance / inhibitors / Patients / Plasma / prophylaxis / Quality of life / Questionnaires / Review