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On the question of Anadara antiquata bivalve scrapers in the archaeological record of Tonga
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On the question of Anadara antiquata bivalve scrapers in the archaeological record of Tonga
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Journal Article
On the question of Anadara antiquata bivalve scrapers in the archaeological record of Tonga
2017
Overview
Expedient shell tool use among Oceanic peoples is widely known in
ethnographic context but oftentimes almost impossible to identify in the
archaeological record. This paper examines Anadara antiquata bivalve
scrapers, a potential artefact type in the Kingdom of Tonga that is
defined by a consistently formed ventral margin. To assess the veracity
of tool identification and to ensure that the edge has not been created
through natural breakage, a series of experimental studies was
undertaken. These illustrate that the functional edge can be formed only
through intentional preparation using an inside-out flaking technique on
the ventral lip. A low-powered starch test on archaeological specimens
further illustrates the presence of starch on the prepared working
plane. Finally, an analysis of archaeological specimens from five Tongan
sites seeks additional insight on morphological variation within the
tool type. L'usage d'outils expédients façonnés de coquillages par les peuples
d'Océanie est connu par l'ethnographie, mais il est difficile à
identifier dans le registre archéologique. Ce papier présente un
potentiel type d'outil en coquillage provenant du Royaume de Tonga, le
racloir sur bivalve Anadara antiquata, qui se caractérise par une marge
ventrale retouchée. Pour valider ce type d 'outil et vérifier que son
tranchant n'est pas crée par le bris naturel, une série d'études furent
conduites. Celles-ci indiquent qu'un tel tranchant ne peut être formé
que par une préparation délibérée du tranchant employant une retouche de
la face intérieure de la marge ventrale de la coquille. Des exemples
archéologiques sont soumis à un test au Lugol confirmant la présence de
restes d'amidon sur la surface de travail. Dernièrement, une analyse de
spécimens archéologiques provenant de cinq sites à Tonga permet la
documentation de la variance morphologique de ce type d'outil.
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