Journal Article

Ligand recognition and G-protein coupling of trace amine receptor TAAR1

Chen, Peipei, Wang, Xiaohui, Yu, Jingjing, Hou, Hanlin, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Yang, Shengyong, Shen, Siyuan, Wu, Chao, Guo, Shuo, Shao, Zhenhua, Xu, Zheng, Tian, Xiaowen, Zhao, Jie, Zhao, Chang, Su, Lantian, Wang, Kexin, Deng, Yue, Wang, Hongshuang, Cheng, Lin, Yu, Xiao, Liu, Lunxu, Xu, Yunfei, Wang, Heli, Guo, Lulu, Yong, Xihao, Sun, Jin-Peng, Yang, Fan, Yan, Wei, Feng, Yuying, Zhang, Weifeng

2023

Overview

Trace-amine-associated receptors (TAARs), a group of biogenic amine receptors, have essential roles in neurological and metabolic homeostasis 1 . They recognize diverse endogenous trace amines and subsequently activate a range of G-protein-subtype signalling pathways 2 , 3 . Notably, TAAR1 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for treating psychiatric disorders 4 , 5 . However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its ability to recognize different ligands remain largely unclear. Here we present nine cryo-electron microscopy structures, with eight showing human and mouse TAAR1 in a complex with an array of ligands, including the endogenous 3-iodothyronamine, two antipsychotic agents, the psychoactive drug amphetamine and two identified catecholamine agonists, and one showing 5-HT 1A R in a complex with an antipsychotic agent. These structures reveal a rigid consensus binding motif in TAAR1 that binds to endogenous trace amine stimuli and two extended binding pockets that accommodate diverse chemotypes. Combined with mutational analysis, functional assays and molecular dynamic simulations, we elucidate the structural basis of drug polypharmacology and identify the species-specific differences between human and mouse TAAR1. Our study provides insights into the mechanism of ligand recognition and G-protein selectivity by TAAR1, which may help in the discovery of ligands or therapeutic strategies for neurological and metabolic disorders. TAAR1 has a rigid consensus binding motif that binds to endogenous trace amine stimuli as well as two extended binding pockets that accommodate diverse chemotypes.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 101/28 / 631/45/612/194 / 631/535/1258/1259 / 82/80 / 82/83 / 96/109 / 96/95 / Amines / Amines - metabolism / Amphetamine - metabolism / Amphetamines / Animals / Antipsychotic Agents - chemistry / Antipsychotic Agents - metabolism / Antipsychotics / Binding / Binding Sites / Catecholamine / Catecholamines / Catecholamines - agonists / Catecholamines - chemistry / Catecholamines - metabolism / Cryoelectron Microscopy / Dopamine / Electron microscopy / GTP-Binding Proteins - chemistry / GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism / GTP-Binding Proteins - ultrastructure / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / Ligands / Metabolic disorders / Metabolism / Metabolites / Mice / Microscopy / Molecular dynamics / Molecular Dynamics Simulation / Molecular modelling / multidisciplinary / Mutation / Neurological diseases / Polypharmacology / Proteins / Psychotropic drugs / Receptors / Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - chemistry / Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism / Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - ultrastructure / Recognition / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Signal transduction / Species Specificity / Substrate Specificity