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Influence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder on Opioid Dependence Severity and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Chronic Methadone-Maintained Patients
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Influence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder on Opioid Dependence Severity and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Chronic Methadone-Maintained Patients
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Influence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder on Opioid Dependence Severity and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Chronic Methadone-Maintained Patients
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Journal Article
Influence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder on Opioid Dependence Severity and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Chronic Methadone-Maintained Patients
2011
Overview
Background: Persistent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a history of conduct disorder (CD) are highly prevalent among patients with substance use disorders (SUD). We examined the influence of both diagnoses on problem severity, psychiatric comorbidity, and quality of life in methadone-maintained patients. Methods: 193 patients in long-term methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) were assessed for ADHD through a semi-structured interview. Psychiatric disorders and SUD were assessed with the MINI, the CIDI-SAM, and the SIDP-IV. Results: Childhood ADHD was diagnosed in 68 (35.2%) patients; 48 (24.9%) had persisting ADHD; a CD history was present in 116 (60.1%). Patients with adult ADHD had significantly higher problem severity scores, lower quality of life scores, more comorbid SUD and more psychiatric comorbidity. Although both ADHD and CD contributed to problem severity, addictive pathology and psychopathology, ADHD was found to substantially increase the risk of psychiatric comorbidity, independent of CD. Conclusion: ADHD in MMT patients is characterised by greater addiction severity and more comorbid psychopathology, only partly explained by the influence of a coexisting CD. The presence of ADHD in a substantial minority of patients accentuates the need for early detection and treatment of this complicating disorder.
Publisher
S. Karger AG
Subject
/ Adult
/ Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology
/ Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology
/ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
/ Conduct Disorder - complications
/ Conduct Disorder - psychology
/ Drug use
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Mental Disorders - complications
/ Mental Disorders - epidemiology
/ Mental Disorders - psychology
/ Opiate Substitution Treatment - psychology
/ Opioid-Related Disorders - drug therapy
/ Opioid-Related Disorders - epidemiology
/ Opioid-Related Disorders - psychology
/ Opioids
/ Patients
/ Quality of Life - psychology
/ Severity
