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Temporary Hearing Threshold Shift and Testing the Equal-Energy Hypothesis in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) After Exposure to a One-Sixth-Octave Noise Band Centered at 8 kHz
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Temporary Hearing Threshold Shift and Testing the Equal-Energy Hypothesis in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) After Exposure to a One-Sixth-Octave Noise Band Centered at 8 kHz
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Temporary Hearing Threshold Shift and Testing the Equal-Energy Hypothesis in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) After Exposure to a One-Sixth-Octave Noise Band Centered at 8 kHz
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Journal Article
Temporary Hearing Threshold Shift and Testing the Equal-Energy Hypothesis in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) After Exposure to a One-Sixth-Octave Noise Band Centered at 8 kHz
2025
Overview
Susceptibility to temporary hearing threshold shift (TTS) in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) depends, in part, on the frequency of the fatiguing sound (the sound causing the shift). The TTS induced and the pattern of hearing recovery were documented in two female harbor seals after exposure for one hour to a continuous, constant-amplitude one-sixth-octave noise band (NB) at 8 kHz. This fatiguing sound was emitted at average received sound pressure levels (SPLs) estimated at between 138 and 156 dB re 1 µPa, resulting in sound exposure levels (SELs) of 174 to 192 dB re 1 µPa2s. Hearing thresholds for narrow-band sweeps were determined at 8, 11.3, and 16 kHz. The hearing frequency most affected was 11.3 kHz, half an octave above the fatiguing sound’s center frequency. Higher SELs were more likely to result in TTS than lower SELs. At hearing frequencies 8 and 16 kHz, initial TTS (1 to 4 min after the sound stopped) only occurred after exposure to the highest SEL (192 dB re 1 µPa2s). Recovery of hearing took longer after large TTSs than after small TTSs. The equal-energy hypothesis was tested by exposing the seals to the same continuous fatiguing sound with SPLs between 149 and 165 dB re 1 µPa, and exposure durations between two and 80 min; all seven combinations had the same SEL of 186 dB re 1 µPa2s. The equal-energy hypothesis was supported in both seals for the frequency, SPL, and duration ranges that were tested; thus, SEL can be used to predict the TTS elicited in harbor seals by continuous, constant-amplitude sound around 8 kHz. The TTS-onset SEL for the NB at 8 kHz, taken together with the TTS-onset SELs for fatiguing sound frequencies tested in previous studies, can form the basis for a revised TTS-onset function for harbor seals.
