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Biowaste-grown live microbial feed additive sustainably and significantly cut enteric methane emissions in Indian livestock
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Biowaste-grown live microbial feed additive sustainably and significantly cut enteric methane emissions in Indian livestock
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Journal Article
Biowaste-grown live microbial feed additive sustainably and significantly cut enteric methane emissions in Indian livestock
2026
Overview
Ruminant enteric methane, the largest agricultural source of CH₄, is a key target in global climate policies. We developed a biowaste-derived live fed microbial (LFM) from fruit- and vegetable residues and evaluated its potential as a scalable intervention to reduce enteric methane while improving animal performance. In controlled in vitro assays and a 98 days in vivo feeding trial in bovine calves (
n
= 15), LFM at 2% dietary inclusion (dry-matter basis) improved feed efficiency by 30.9%, reduced modelled methane emissions by 25.2%, increased total volatile fatty acids by 45.5%, and lowered NH₃–N by 28.4%. At 3% inclusion, feed efficiency improved by 25.5%, methane emissions decreased by 30.4%, total VFA increased by 43.0%, and NH₃–N declined by 11.7%. Methane abatement was estimated by integrating in vitro and in vivo measurements using an empirically fitted conversion factor and Tier-2–compatible intake models. The IPCC (2006) Tier-2 equivalents indicated ~19% reduction. Scaling to India’s livestock herd suggested abatement of 15.4 Mt CH₄ yr⁻¹ (432.3 Mt CO₂-eq yr⁻¹; GWP₁₀₀ = 28) under full adoption, corresponding to ~US$494.1 million annually under the carbon-price assumption used. These findings position biowaste-derived LFM as a circular-economy feed technology capable of simultaneously improving productivity and reducing enteric methane emissions at scale.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 631/326
/ 692/700
/ 704/106
/ 704/172
/ Ammonia
/ Animals
/ Cattle
/ Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism
/ Feeds
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Hydrogen
/ India
/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
/ Live microbial feed additive
/ Methane
/ Nitrogen
/ Proteins
/ Science
