Journal Article

Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B/Neurotrophin 4 Signaling Axis Is Perturbed in Clinical and Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis

Seeger, Werner, Kwapiszewska, Grażyna, Wygrecka, Małgorzata, Morty, Rory E., Fink, Ludger, Weissmann, Norbert, Avcuoglu, Sibel, Marsh, Leigh M., Günther, Andreas

2011

Overview

The neurotrophins (NTs) are emerging as exciting new participants in normal lung physiology, as well as in several pathological processes in diseased lungs. In this study, the increased expression of NT4/5 and of its cognate receptor, the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor Type 2 (TrkB), was observed in human lungs explanted from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and in lungs from mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The expression of NT4/5 and TrkB localized to hyperplastic alveolar Type II cells (ATII) and fibroblastic foci in affected lungs. Increased concentrations of NT4/5 and TrkB were evident in ATII isolated from the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice. Primary ATII were shown to secrete NT4/5 into the cell culture medium. The profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor–β1, stimulated TrkB, but not NT4/5 gene expression, suggesting that perturbed profibrotic growth factor signaling in affected lungs may drive the expression of TrkB. NT4/5 enhanced the proliferation of ATII through a TrkB/extracellular–regulated kinase/protein kinase B pathway, and could also drive the proliferation of primary human and murine lung fibroblasts, through TrkB-dependent and protein kinase B–dependent pathways. Taken together, these data suggest that a dysregulated TrkB/NT4/5 axis may contribute to several of the pathological lesions associated with pulmonary fibrosis, including ATII hyperplasia and the proliferation of fibroblasts, and we would add IPF to the list of disorders, such as pain and cancer, for which therapeutic targeting of the TrkB/neurotrophin axis has been proposed for further investigation.

• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Subject: AKT protein / Alveolar Epithelial Cells - drug effects / Alveolar Epithelial Cells - metabolism / Alveolar Epithelial Cells - pathology / Alveoli / Animals / Bleomycin / Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - metabolism / Cell culture / Cell Proliferation / Cells, Cultured / Disease Models, Animal / Female / Fibroblasts / Fibroblasts - drug effects / Fibroblasts - metabolism / Fibroblasts - pathology / Fibrosis / Gene expression / Growth factors / Humans / Hyperplasia / Kinases / Lung - drug effects / Lung - metabolism / Lung - pathology / Lung diseases / Lungs / Male / Membrane Glycoproteins - antagonists & inhibitors / Membrane Glycoproteins - metabolism / Mice / Mice, Inbred C57BL / Middle Aged / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - antagonists & inhibitors / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - metabolism / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - antagonists & inhibitors / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - metabolism / Nerve Growth Factors - metabolism / Neurotrophin 4 / Phosphorylation / Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology / Protein-tyrosine kinase receptors / Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors / Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - antagonists & inhibitors / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism / Pulmonary fibrosis / Pulmonary Fibrosis - chemically induced / Pulmonary Fibrosis - metabolism / Pulmonary Fibrosis - pathology / Signal transduction / Signal Transduction - drug effects / Therapeutic targets / Time Factors / TrkB receptors / Up-Regulation