Journal Article

An Internal Digital Image Correlation Technique for High-Strain Rate Dynamic Experiments

Gandhi, V., Lawlor, B.P., Ravichandran, G.

2025

Overview

Background Full-field, quantitative visualization techniques, such as digital image correlation (DIC), have unlocked vast opportunities for experimental mechanics. However, DIC has traditionally been a surface measurement technique, and has not been extended to perform measurements on the interior of specimens for dynamic, full-scale laboratory experiments. This limitation restricts the scope of physics which can be investigated through DIC measurements, especially in the context of heterogeneous materials. Objective The focus of this study is to develop a method for performing internal DIC measurements in dynamic experiments. The aim is to demonstrate its feasibility and accuracy across a range of stresses (up to 650 MPa), strain rates ( 10 3 - 10 6 s - 1 ), and high-strain rate loading conditions (e.g., ramped and shock wave loading). Methods Internal DIC is developed based on the concept of applying a speckle pattern at an inner-plane of a transparent specimen. The high-speed imaging configuration is coupled to the traditional dynamic experimental setups, and is focused on the internal speckle pattern. During the experiment, while the sample deforms dynamically, in-plane, two-dimensional deformations are measured via correlation of the internal speckle pattern. In this study, the viability and accuracy of the internal DIC technique is demonstrated for split-Hopkinson (Kolsky) pressure bar (SHPB) and plate impact experiments. Results The internal DIC experimental technique is successfully demonstrated in both the SHPB and plate impact experiments. In the SHPB setting, the accuracy of the technique is excellent throughout the deformation regime, with measurement noise of approximately 0.2 % strain. In the case of plate impact experiments, the technique performs well, with error and measurement noise of 1 % strain. Conclusion The internal DIC technique has been developed and demonstrated to work well for full-scale dynamic high-strain rate and shock laboratory experiments, and the accuracy is quantified. The technique can aid in investigating the physics and mechanics of the dynamic behavior of materials, including local deformation fields around dynamically loaded material heterogeneities.

• Publisher: Springer US,Springer Nature B.V,Springer
• Subject: Accuracy / Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering / Characterization and Evaluation of Materials / Composite materials / Control / Correlation / Crack propagation / Deformation / Dynamical Systems / Engineering / Experiments / Interfaces / Lasers / Load / Materials Characterization Technique / Materials Mechanics / MATERIALS SCIENCE / Measurement techniques / Mechanics / Mechanics (physics) / Noise measurement / Optical Devices / Optical interferometry / Optics / Photonics / Physics / Plate impact tests / Pressure bars / Research Paper / Shock waves / Solid Mechanics / Speckle patterns / Strain / Strain rate / Tomography / Total Internal Reflection Microscopy / Vibration