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Performing Tradition while Doing Politics: A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso
Performing Tradition while Doing Politics: A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso
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Performing Tradition while Doing Politics: A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso
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Performing Tradition while Doing Politics: A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso
Performing Tradition while Doing Politics: A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso

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Performing Tradition while Doing Politics: A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso
Performing Tradition while Doing Politics: A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso
Journal Article

Performing Tradition while Doing Politics: A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso

2019
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Overview
This article is about self-defense movements in Burkina Faso, with an emphasis on the interplay of political pragmatics and cultural representation in public debate. It examines how two different self-defense movements—the dozos and the koglweogos—articulate tradition and politics with respect to locally organized self-defense in present-day Burkina Faso. In addition to a description of these movements, this comparative study of self-defense movements adds the important dimension of political rivalry and antagonism between the movements under study. First, it demonstrates how the state has tried to contain self-defense movements. Second, the emergence of koglweogos is analyzed with respect to public debate, as well as the state’s attempts to contain the movement bureaucratically. Third, it describes how dozos and koglweogos seek to assert public authority in “the new Burkina Faso” that has taken shape since the fall of Blaise Compaoré in October, 2014. More specifically, this article is devoted to the conflictual relationship between the dozos and the koglweogos that was publicly enacted in late 2016 and early 2017. Self-defense movements must not only be locally and traditionally legitimate, but they also need to be responsible actors in the national political space. Hence, “performing tradition, while doing politics” simultaneously represents the political containment and the cultural legitimacy of the self-defense movements. Cet article porte sur les mouvements d’autodéfense au Burkina Faso, en mettant l’accent sur l’interaction de la pragmatique politique et de la représentation culturelle dans le débat public. Il examine comment deux mouvements d’autodéfense différents — les dozos et les koglweogos — articulent la tradition et la politique en ce qui concerne l’autodéfense organisée localement au Burkina actuel. Outre une description de ces mouvements, cette étude comparative des mouvements d’autodéfense ajoute la dimension importante de la rivalité politique et de l’antagonisme entre les mouvements. Tout d’abord, il montre comment l’État a tenté de contenir ces mouvements d’autodéfense. En second lieu, l’émergence de koglweogos est analysée en ce qui concerne le débat public, ainsi que les tentatives de l’État pour contenir le mouvement sur le plan bureaucratique. En troisième lieu, il décrit comment les dozos et koglweogos cherchent à affirmer une autorité publique dans le cadre de « la nouvelle Burkina Faso » qui a pris forme depuis la chute de Blaise Compaoré en octobre 2014. Plus précisément, cet article est consacré à la relation conflictuelle entre les dozos et les koglweogos qui a été publiquement promulguée en fin 2016 et au début 2017. Les mouvements de l’autodéfense doivent non seulement être localement et traditionnellement légitimes, mais ils doivent aussi être des acteurs responsables dans l’espace politique national. Par conséquent, « pratiquer la tradition, tout en faisant la politique » représente à la fois l’endiguement politique et la légitimité culturelle des mouvements d’autodéfense.