Journal Article

Midlife and late‐life population attributable fractions of risk factors for dementia in the United States: The Dementia Risk Prediction Project

Fohner, Alison, Mbangdadji, Djass, Allen, Norrina B., Stephen, John J., Sorond, Farzaneh A., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Kohli‐Lynch, Ciaran, Lopez, Oscar L., Singh‐Manoux, Archana, Peterson, Elizabeth A., Lloyd‐Jones, Donald M., Aiello, Allison E., Zhao, Lihui, Zmora, Rachel, Judd, Suzanne E., Hughes, Timothy M., Levine, Deborah A., Debette, Stéphanie, Petito, Lucia C., Li, Joanne M., Gross, Alden L., Soumaré, Aïcha, Helmer, Catherine, Li, David, Ikram, M. Arfan, Seshadri, Sudha, Giorgio, Katherine, Launer, Lenore J., Satizabal, Claudia L., Scholtens, Denise, Wolters, Frank J., Himali, Jayandra, Briceño, Emily M., Sedaghat, Sanaz, Gauen, Abigail M., Mansolf, Maxwell

2026

Overview

INTRODUCTION Dementia prevalence is associated with modifiable factors. We quantified the contribution of dementia risk factors in midlife (45–64 years) and late life (≥ 65 years) in the United States. METHODS Data from six community‐based cohorts in the Dementia Risk Prediction Project (DRPP) were used. We estimated risk factor prevalence using nationally representative data. Cohort‐specific Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between modifiable risk factors and incident dementia in midlife and late life. Hazard ratios were pooled using meta‐analysis then used to calculate population attributable fractions (PAFs) and potential impact fractions. RESULTS Midlife and late‐life risk factors contributed to 22.7% and 16.5% of total dementia cases, respectively. Midlife obesity (PAF: 7.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9%–10.5%), lower education (PAF: 8.1%; 95% CI: 5.2%–11.1%), and late‐life physical inactivity (PAF: 10.4%; 95% CI: 6.2%–14.5%) were the greatest contributors. DISCUSSION Midlife and late‐life modifiable risk factors contribute to dementia risk, highlighting a need for interventions across the life course. Highlights Our sample included 37,931 participants across six pooled, longitudinal US cohorts. We observed midlife and late‐life risk factors contributed to 22.7% and 16.5% of dementia cases, respectively. Midlife obesity, late‐life physical inactivity, and lower education appear to be the greatest contributors to dementia risk.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Aging / Air pollution / Alcohol use / Atherosclerosis / Blood pressure / Cardiovascular disease / cognition / Cognitive ability / Cohort Studies / Consortia / Dementia / Dementia - epidemiology / Diabetes / Education / Educational Status / Enrollments / Female / Hearing loss / Hispanic Americans / Humans / Hypertension / Life / Life course / Male / Meta-analysis / Middle age / Middle Aged / Midlife / Neuropsychology / Obesity / Obesity - epidemiology / Outdoor air quality / Physical activity / Physical education / population health / Prevalence / preventive medicine / Risk Factors / Social isolation / Traumatic brain injury / United States - epidemiology