Journal Article

A review on existing and emerging approaches for textile wastewater treatments: challenges and future perspectives

Kallawar, Gauri A., Bhanvase, Bharat A.

2024

Overview

This comprehensive review explores the complex environment of textile wastewater treatment technologies, highlighting both well-established and emerging techniques. Textile wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge, containing diverse contaminants and chemicals. The review presents a detailed examination of conventional treatments such as coagulation, flocculation, and biological processes, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations. In textile industry, various textile operations such as sizing, de-sizing, dyeing, bleaching, and mercerization consume large quantities of water generating effluent high in color, chemical oxygen demand, and solids. The dyes, mordants, and variety of other chemicals used in textile processing lead to effluent variable in characteristics. Furthermore, it explores innovative and emerging techniques, including advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration, and nanotechnology-based solutions. Future perspectives in textile wastewater treatment are discussed in-depth, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary research, technological advancements, and the integration of circular economy principles. Numerous dyes used in the textile industry have been shown to have mutagenic, cytotoxic, and ecotoxic potential in studies. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the methods used to remediate textile waste water. Major topics including the chemical composition of textile waste water, the chemistry of the dye molecules, the selection of a treatment technique, the benefits and drawbacks of the various treatment options, and the cost of operation are also addressed. Overall, this review offers a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals working in the textile industry, pointing towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future. Graphical Abstract

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Aquatic Pollution / Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution / Biological activity / Bleaching / Chemical composition / Chemical oxygen demand / Circular economy / Coagulation / color / Contaminants / Cytotoxicity / Dyeing / Dyes / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecotoxicology / Effluents / Environment / Environmental Chemistry / Environmental Health / fabrics / Flocculation / Interdisciplinary research / Interdisciplinary studies / Membrane filtration / mercerization / microfiltration / Mordant dyes / mordants / mutagens / Nanotechnology / operating costs / Oxidation / Review Article / Sizing / Textile industry / Textile industry wastes / Textile industry wastewaters / textile mill effluents / Waste Water Technology / Wastewater treatment / Water Management / Water Pollution Control / Water treatment