Journal Article

Statistical Characteristics of Thunderstorm Activity in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin Based on a Five‐Year Cloud‐To‐Ground Lighting Data Set

Wei, Qian, Ma, Zheng, Sun, Jianhua, Liu, Dongxia, Zhang, Yuanchun, Sun, Zhuling, Liu, Mingyuan

2023

Overview

Using a clustering algorithm based on cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lighting data, 72,974 thunderstorms were identified and tracked in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin from May to September of 2016–2020. Thunderstorms predominantly occur in the southeast region and move to the northeast at a speed of 16–64 km/hr. Most thunderstorms have short durations (98.3%, ≤3 hr) and low CG flash frequencies (90.0%, ≤64). Thunderstorms with longer durations are mainly triggered near the mountains and tend to occur (end) earlier (later) in the afternoon (evening). The peak composite reflectivity (CR) corresponding to CG flashes from all thunderstorms is 50 dBZ. Approximately 70% (20%) of CG flashes occur in convective (stratiform) areas. The first CG flash of a thunderstorm tends to occur in convective areas with a higher CR than that of the last CG flash. The average and maximum CRs of CG flashes increase significantly with thunderstorm duration. Plain Language Summary Thunderstorms are known as a type of weather system that is typically accompanied by the presence of lighting and other hazardous weather (high winds, heavy rain, hail and tornadoes). Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lighting produced by thunderstorms is a highly dangerous weather phenomenon that occurs between a thundercloud and the ground and often causes wildfires, explosions and severe damage to buildings. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin in China are a transition zone between plateaus and plains, with dense urban agglomerations, rivers and lakes. However, thunderstorm activity in such complex underlying surfaces is poorly understood. Based on ground‐based radar and lightning observations, the statistical characteristics of thunderstorm activity in this region during the warm seasons (May to September) of 2016–2020 are analyzed using a lightning clustering method. The CG lighting number, area and displacement of thunderstorms increase with thunderstorm duration. Thunderstorms that last longer are mostly triggered near the mountains and often start earlier in the afternoon and end later in the evening. In addition, CG lighting produced by thunderstorms is associated with high radar echo intensity. These findings are useful for improving the nowcasting of lightning and other hazardous weather caused by thunderstorms. Key Points The cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flash number, area, displacement, etc., of thunderstorms based on lightning data change with increasing thunderstorm duration Thunderstorms with longer durations, mostly triggered near the mountains, occur earlier in the afternoon and end later in the evening Radar echo characteristics of CG flashes from thunderstorms with different durations show certain regularities

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Algorithms / Building damage / Clouds / cloud‐to‐ground lighting / cluster method / Clustering / Echoes / Explosions / Hail / Heavy rainfall / Lakes / Lighting / Lightning / Lightning flashes / Mountains / Nowcasting / Radar / Radar clutter / Radar echoes / Reflectance / River basins / Rivers / statistical characteristics / Statistics / thunderstorm / Thunderstorm activity / Thunderstorms / Tornadoes / Urban areas / Warm seasons / Weather / Wildfires / Winds