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Abnormal mTOR Activity in Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric and MIA-Associated Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Abnormal mTOR Activity in Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric and MIA-Associated Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Journal Article
Abnormal mTOR Activity in Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric and MIA-Associated Autism Spectrum Disorders
2022
Overview
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by the early onset of communication and behavioral problems. ASD is highly heritable; however, environmental factors also play a considerable role in this disorder. A significant part of both syndromic and idiopathic autism cases could be attributed to disorders caused by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent translation deregulation. This narrative review analyzes both bioinformatic and experimental evidence that connects mTOR signaling to the maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) autism spectrum and autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders simultaneously. In addition, we reconstruct a network presenting the interactions between the mTOR signaling and eight MAR ASD genes coding for ASD-specific maternal autoantibody target proteins. The research discussed in this review demonstrates novel perspectives and validates the need for a subtyping of ASD on the grounds of pathogenic mechanisms. The utter necessity of designing ELISA-based test panels to identify all antibodies related to autism-like behavior is also considered.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
/ Autism
/ Autism Spectrum Disorder - classification
/ Autism Spectrum Disorder - immunology
/ Autism Spectrum Disorder - metabolism
/ Autism Spectrum Disorder - pathology
/ Behavior
/ Child
/ Computational Biology - methods
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Kinases
/ Mothers
/ Mutation
/ Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - classification
/ Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - immunology
/ Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - metabolism
/ Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - pathology
/ Proteins
/ Review
