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Organotypic vasculature
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Journal Article
Organotypic vasculature
2017
Overview
Blood vessels have long been considered as passive conduits for blood and circulating cells that, at best, respond to exogenous cytokines. However, recent work has shown that blood vessels serve as a highly dynamic interface between the circulation and tissues. Augustin et al. review molecular mechanisms of vascular development and function in different organs. Differentiated endothelial cells develop as a sort of cobblestone monolayer to form one of the largest surfaces within the body. Vascular control of the tissue microenvironment is vital, not only for normal tissue development and homeostasis, but also for disease states ranging from inflammation to cancer. Science , this issue p. eaal2379 Blood vessels form one of the body’s largest surfaces, serving as a critical interface between the circulation and the different organ environments. They thereby exert gatekeeper functions on tissue homeostasis and adaptation to pathologic challenge. Vascular control of the tissue microenvironment is indispensable in development, hemostasis, inflammation, and metabolism, as well as in cancer and metastasis. This multitude of vascular functions is mediated by organ-specifically differentiated endothelial cells (ECs), whose cellular and molecular heterogeneity has long been recognized. Yet distinct organotypic functional attributes and the molecular mechanisms controlling EC differentiation and vascular bed–specific functions have only become known in recent years. Considering the involvement of vascular dysfunction in numerous chronic and life-threatening diseases, a better molecular understanding of organotypic vasculatures may pave the way toward novel angiotargeted treatments to cure hitherto intractable diseases. This Review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of organotypic vascular differentiation and function.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science,The American Association for the Advancement of Science
Subject
/ Adipose Tissue - blood supply
/ Animals
/ Biology
/ Blood Vessels - anatomy & histology
/ Blood Vessels - physiopathology
/ Blood-Brain Barrier - physiology
/ Blood-Brain Barrier - physiopathology
/ Bone and Bones - blood supply
/ Bones
/ Brain
/ Cancer
/ Capillaries - physiopathology
/ Cell Differentiation - genetics
/ Disease
/ Endocrine Glands - blood supply
/ Endothelium, Vascular - cytology
/ Heart
/ Humans
/ Liver
/ Lungs
/ Neovascularization, Pathologic - genetics
/ Neovascularization, Pathologic - physiopathology
/ Neovascularization, Physiologic - genetics
/ Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology
/ Organs
/ R&D
/ Retina
/ Retinal Vessels - physiology
/ Retinal Vessels - physiopathology
