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Urban green gentrification in an unequal world of climate change
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Journal Article
Urban green gentrification in an unequal world of climate change
2020
Overview
Over the past few decades, notions of environmental, ecological or green gentrification in cities have entered the lexicon of critical urban scholars and activists alike, not least in North American and European settings. This happens amidst growing concerns that the current policy and planning emphasis on making cities more sustainable serves in some cases to exacerbate sociomaterial inequalities in the city via forms of residential displacement. In this critical commentary, I respond to recent calls for expanding the socio-geographical parameters of green gentrification research, and for enriching the agenda via new theoretical approaches, by highlighting one particular avenue of problematisation that seems so far conspicuously lacking. This is the realisation that, in an unequal world of anthropogenic climate change, green gentrification must be grasped not only at local but also, simultaneously, at transnational scales of risk-induced socio-spatial restructuring. My suggested approach to a more multi-scalar and climate-sensitive notion of green gentrification proceeds via sociologist Ulrich Beck’s theorising of the intensifying socio-material inequalities of climate change in ‘world risk society’, along with ethnographic work on urban climate politics in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, and in the North-West Indian city of Surat. While allowing us to analyse the many local ambivalences wedded with urban sustainability politics in the global North and global South alike, Beck helpfully insists that we keep their unequal trans-local interconnectedness in view, yielding a radicalised notion of green gentrification as set in-between and connecting localised and globalised frames of inequality in new ways.
在过去的几十年里，城市的环境、生态或绿色绅士化的概念已经成为了城市批判学者和城市活动家的常用术语，在北美和欧洲尤其如此。其背景是，越来越多的人担心当前强调提高城市可持续性的政策和规划在某些情况下会通过各种形式的居民驱逐加剧城市的社会物质不平等。在这篇批判性的评论中，我强调迄今为止明显缺乏的一种特殊的问题化途径，从而回应了最近关于扩展绿色绅士化研究的社会地理参数、以及通过新的理论方法丰富议程的呼吁。这是一种认识，即在一个不平等的人为气候变化世界中，绿色绅士化不仅必须在地方尺度把握，同时也必须在引发风险的社会空间重组的跨国尺度上把握。我建议以一种更为多尺度、且对气候敏感的方式看待绿色绅士化概念，这一灵感的来源是社会学家乌尔里希·贝克 (Ulrich Beck) 关于“世界风险社会”中不断加剧的气候变化社会物质不平等的理论，以及丹麦首都哥本哈根和印度西北部城市苏拉特的城市气候政治的人类学研究。贝克使我们能分析全球北方和全球南方伴随城市可持续发展政治而来的许多地方矛盾心理，同时他有益地坚持认为，我们应该考虑它们不平等的跨地方相互联系，正是这种联系产生了一种介于两者之间的激进的绿色绅士化概念，并以新的方式将地方和全球不平等框架联系起来。
