Journal Article

Impact of an Oral Nutrition Supplement on the Nutritional Status of Stunted and At-Risk of Stunting Children: A Community-Based Intervention Trial

Khouw, Ilse, Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan, Mitra, Amal K., Rostenberghe, Hans Van, Hazlan, Siti Nur Haidar, Al-Talib, Sidra A.

2026

Overview

Introduction: Stunting is associated with poor nutritional intake during early childhood. This study evaluated the effect of a daily intake of 510 mL of an oral nutritional supplement for 180 days on linear growth among children with stunting and at-risk of stunting aged 12–36 months. Methods: A community-based, single-arm intervention was conducted among 91 children in Kelantan, Malaysia. The children at enrolment had height-for-age Z-scores (HAZs) between <−1.0 SD and >−3 SD based on WHO Growth Standards. Anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline (T0), 90 days (T90; mid-intervention), and 180 days (T180; post-intervention). Nutrient intake was assessed using 24 h dietary recalls, and compliance was monitored via returned empty sachets. Results: The mean age of the children at baseline was 26.7 ± 6.6 months (range, 12.9–36.0 months), with 37 (41%) being stunted and 54 (59%) at risk of stunting. After intervention, the linear growth (height-for-age Z-score) was significantly improved over time (p < 0.001) in both stunted and at-risk children. A significant time-by-group interaction (p = 0.014) indicated differential effects between the stunted and at-risk groups. Post hoc analysis showed HAZ improvements from baseline (T0) to 180 days in stunted and at-risk groups (p < 0.001), with the stunted group demonstrating a greater mean change in HAZ compared with the at-risk group. The number of stunted children declined by 37.8% (p = 0.003). Nutrient intakes of protein, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin B-complex, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron improved significantly. Conclusions: A daily intake of 510 mL of oral nutrition supplement improved linear growth and nutrient intake. These findings support the potential of targeted supplementation in addressing child growth faltering and micronutrient inadequacies.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
• Subject: Age / Alfacalcidol / Body Height / Calcifediol / Child, Preschool / Children / Children & youth / Chronic illnesses / Cognitive ability / Complications and side effects / Counseling / Diet therapy / Dietary Supplements / Education / Failure to thrive / Family income / Female / Growth disorders / Growth Disorders - prevention & control / Guardians / Health aspects / Households / Humans / Infant / Intervention / Juvenile offenders / Malaysia / Male / Malnutrition in children / Nutrition / Nutritional Status / Pediatric research / Poverty / Prevention / Public health / Risk factors / Sanitation / Standard scores / Vitamin D