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A novel long-galanin peptide from non-mammalian vertebrates mitigates the inflammatory response in IBD models via the biased GALR2/β-arrestin2 pathway
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A novel long-galanin peptide from non-mammalian vertebrates mitigates the inflammatory response in IBD models via the biased GALR2/β-arrestin2 pathway
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Journal Article
A novel long-galanin peptide from non-mammalian vertebrates mitigates the inflammatory response in IBD models via the biased GALR2/β-arrestin2 pathway
2025
Overview
Galanin, a neuropeptide, regulates immune and inflammatory responses via GALR1-3. GALRs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet their mechanistic roles remain unclear. Based on evolutionary analysis, we identified a long galanin isoform (GAL53), generated by alternative splicing in non-mammalian vertebrates. Here we show that the chicken ortholog cGAL53 is robustly expressed in colonic tissue but downregulated upon dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Administration of cGAL53 alleviates colitis-associated weight loss, colon shortening, bleeding, and inflammation in both chickens and mice. These effects are abolished in
Galr2
-deficient mice, highlighting receptor dependency. Moreover, epithelial cell-specific
Arrb2
and
Gnaq
knockout models demonstrate that cGAL53 protects the gut barrier and reduces inflammation by activating β-arrestin2-biased GALR2 signaling. Our findings reveal a naturally occurring long galanin peptide with potent anti-inflammatory activity and propose evolutionary medicine-guided biased GALR2 agonism as a therapeutic strategy for IBD.
GALRs, receptors for the neuropeptide galanin, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease. Here the authors report that GAL53, a long galanin peptide derived from non-mammalian vertebrates, alleviates induced colitis in preclinical models by engaging GALR2 and activating the β-arrestin2-biased signalling pathway.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 38/91
/ 631/154
/ 64/110
/ 64/60
/ 82/51
/ 96/109
/ Animals
/ beta-Arrestin 2 - metabolism
/ Chickens
/ Colitis
/ Colitis - chemically induced
/ Dextran
/ Dextrans
/ Galanin
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - chemically induced
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - drug therapy
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - genetics
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - metabolism
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - pathology
/ Male
/ Mammals
/ Mice
/ Peptides
/ Poultry
/ Receptor, Galanin, Type 2 - genetics
/ Receptor, Galanin, Type 2 - metabolism
/ Science
