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Fetal–Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes
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Fetal–Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes
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Journal Article
Fetal–Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes
2020
Overview
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances able to mimic or to interfere with the endocrine system, thus altering key biological processes such as organ development, reproduction, immunity, metabolism and behavior. High concentrations of EDCs are found in several everyday products including plastic bottles and food containers and they could be easily absorbed by dietary intake. In recent years, considerable interest has been raised regarding the biological effects of EDCs, particularly Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, on human pregnancy and fetal development. Several evidence obtained on in vitro and animal models as well as by epidemiologic and population studies strongly indicated that endocrine disruptors could negatively impact fetal and placental health by interfering with the embryonic developing epigenome, thus establishing disease paths into adulthood. Moreover, EDCs could cause and/or contribute to the onset of severe gestational conditions as Preeclampsia (PE), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and gestational diabetes in pregnancy, as well as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular complications in reproductive age. Therefore, despite contrasting data being present in the literature, endocrine disruptors must be considered as a therapeutic target. Future actions aimed at reducing or eliminating EDC exposure during the perinatal period are mandatory to guarantee pregnancy success and preserve fetal and adult health.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
/ Adults
/ age
/ Animals
/ behavior
/ Benzhydryl Compounds - adverse effects
/ Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced
/ Diabetes, Gestational - chemically induced
/ Endocrine Disruptors - adverse effects
/ Female
/ Fetal Development - drug effects
/ Fetal Development - genetics
/ Fetal Growth Retardation - chemically induced
/ Food contamination & poisoning
/ Hormones
/ Humans
/ immunity
/ Maternal Exposure - adverse effects
/ Maternal-Fetal Exchange - drug effects
/ obesity
/ Obesity, Maternal - chemically induced
/ Phthalic Acids - adverse effects
/ Placenta - diagnostic imaging
/ plastics
/ Pre-Eclampsia - chemically induced
/ Review
