Journal Article

Power Increases Hypocrisy: Moralizing in Reasoning, Immorality in Behavior

Galinsky, Adam D., Lammers, Joris, Stapel, Diederik A.

2010

Overview

In five studies, we explored whether power increases moral hypocrisy (i.e., imposing strict moral standards on other people but practicing less strict moral behavior oneself). In Experiment I, compared with the powerless, the powerful condemned other people's cheating more, but also cheated more themselves. In Experiments 2 through 4, the powerful were more strict in judging other people's moral transgressions than in judging their own transgressions. A final study found that the effect of power on moral hypocrisy depends on the legitimacy of the power: When power was illegitimate, the moral-hypocrisy effect was reversed, with the illegitimately powerful becoming stricter in judging their own behavior than in judging other people's behavior. This pattern, which might be dubbed hypercrisy, was also found among low-power participants in Experiments 3 and 4. We discuss how patterns of hypocrisy and hypercrisy among the powerful and powerless can help perpetuate social inequality.

• Publisher: SAGE Publications,SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subject: Behavior / Behavioural psychology / Cheating / Deception / Experiments / Female / Hierarchy, Social / Human behavior / Humans / Hypocrisy / Indicative conditionals / Inequality / Interpersonal Relations / Judgment / Legitimacy / Lotteries / Male / Moral judgment / Morality / Morals / Personality psychology / Power / Power (Psychology) / Psychological effects / Reasoning / Retrospective Moral Judgment / Self Concept / Social Behavior / Social inequality / Social psychology / Social Values / Socioeconomic Factors / Transgression / Young Adult