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AKR1B10, One of the Triggers of Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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AKR1B10, One of the Triggers of Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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Journal Article
AKR1B10, One of the Triggers of Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
2022
Overview
Preventing the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 is a crucial goal for reducing the occurrence of severe acute respiratory failure and improving outcomes. Here, we identify Aldo-Keto Reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) as a key enzyme involved in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The analysis of transcriptomic data from lung samples of patients who died from COVID-19 demonstrates an increased expression of the gene encoding AKR1B10. Measurements of the AKR1B10 protein in sera from hospitalised COVID-19 patients suggests a significant link between AKR1B10 levels and the severity of the disease. In macrophages and lung cells, the over-expression of AKR1B10 induces the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor a (TNFα), supporting the biological plausibility of an AKR1B10 involvement in the COVID-19-related cytokine storm. When macrophages were stressed by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) exposure and treated by Zopolrestat, an AKR1B10 inhibitor, the LPS-induced production of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα is significantly reduced, reinforcing the hypothesis that the pro-inflammatory expression of cytokines is AKR1B10-dependant. Finally, we also show that AKR1B10 can be secreted and transferred via extracellular vesicles between different cell types, suggesting that this protein may also contribute to the multi-organ systemic impact of COVID-19. These experiments highlight a relationship between AKR1B10 production and severe forms of COVID-19. Our data indicate that AKR1B10 participates in the activation of cytokines production and suggest that modulation of AKR1B10 activity might be an actionable pharmacological target in COVID-19 management.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
Aldo-Keto Reductases - antagonists & inhibitors
/ Aldo-Keto Reductases - genetics
/ Aldo-Keto Reductases - physiology
/ Animals
/ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
/ COVID-19
/ Cytokine Release Syndrome - genetics
/ Cytokine Release Syndrome - metabolism
/ Cytokine Release Syndrome - pathology
/ Cytokine Release Syndrome - virology
/ Diabetes
/ Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology
/ Genes
/ Humans
/ Mice
/ Proteins
/ Respiratory Distress Syndrome - genetics
/ Respiratory Distress Syndrome - metabolism
/ Respiratory Distress Syndrome - pathology
/ Respiratory Distress Syndrome - virology
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Steroids
