Journal Article

Can ChatGPT 4.0 Diagnose Acute Aortic Dissection? Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Medical Diagnostics

Goyal, Aman, Tariq, Muhammad Daoud, Brateanu, Andrei, Ahsan, Areeba

2025

Overview

Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a critical condition characterized by high mortality and frequent misdiagnoses, primarily due to symptom overlap with other medical pathologies. This study explores the diagnostic utility of ChatGPT 4.0, an artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI, in identifying acute AD from patients’ presentations and general physical examination findings documented in published case reports. A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed database using the search term “acute aortic dissection,” applying filters for articles published within the past year and categorized as case reports. The primary symptoms and physical examination details from each case were inputted into ChatGPT 4.0, which was prompted to generate three differential diagnoses and one main provisional diagnosis based on the case presentation. The search yielded a total of 163 results, from which 10 case reports were randomly selected. The patient demographics across all 10 case reports demonstrated an age range of 29 to 82 years, with equal gender distribution (5 males, 5 females) and hypertension as the most prevalent baseline comorbidity. ChatGPT 4.0 accurately identified acute AD as one of the top three differential diagnoses in all selected cases and identified acute AD as the provisional diagnosis in five of the 10 cases. In conclusion, while ChatGPT 4.0 demonstrates potential in suggesting acute AD as a differential diagnosis based on clinical data, its role should be considered supportive rather than definitive. Based on our findings, it could serve as an early, cost-effective, and quick screening tool, helping physicians adopt a “think aorta” approach.

• Publisher: Elsevier Inc,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Accuracy / Acute coronary syndromes / Acute Disease / Adult / Age composition / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Aorta / Aortic Aneurysm - diagnosis / Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic - diagnosis / Aortic dissection / Aortic Dissection - diagnosis / Artificial Intelligence / Back pain / Cardiac arrhythmia / cardiology / Case reports / Chatbots / ChatGPT / Comorbidity / Coronary vessels / Demographics / Diagnosis / Diagnosis, Differential / diagnostics / Differential diagnosis / Dissection / Emergency medical care / Female / Generative Artificial Intelligence / Health risks / Humans / Hypertension / Irritable bowel syndrome / Ischemia / large language models / Male / Medical diagnosis / Medical imaging / Middle Aged / Mortality / Pancreatitis / Patients / Physicians / Searching