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Molecular evidence supports ancient long-distance dispersal for the amphi-Atlantic disjunction in the giant yellow shrimp plant (Barleria oenotheroides)
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Molecular evidence supports ancient long-distance dispersal for the amphi-Atlantic disjunction in the giant yellow shrimp plant (Barleria oenotheroides)
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Molecular evidence supports ancient long-distance dispersal for the amphi-Atlantic disjunction in the giant yellow shrimp plant (Barleria oenotheroides)
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Journal Article
Molecular evidence supports ancient long-distance dispersal for the amphi-Atlantic disjunction in the giant yellow shrimp plant (Barleria oenotheroides)
2016
Overview
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Barleria is a large, pantropical genus of ca. 265 species mainly distributed in the Old World with only one species, B. oenotheroides, extending to the neotropics. This amphi-Atlantic disjunction, frequently displayed by pantropical taxa, has been traditionally explained with vicariance or geodispersal hypotheses and increasingly with long-distance dispersal. The native status of this species in the New World is controversial. METHODS: A molecular phylogeographic study based on the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and plastid trnL-F, rps16, and trn5-G sequences was done to clarify the origin of this tropical intercontinental disjunction. Divergence times were estimated with various analytical approaches, including different markers and primary calibration points. KEY RESULTS: Divergence ages estimated for Barleria lineages disagree with vicariance or geodispersal hypotheses. Genetic differentiation of American vs. African populations of B. oenotheroides does not support a recent anthropogenic introduction to the New World. Our data suggest ancient long-distance dispersal from the Old to the New World probably during the Pliocene or Upper Miocene. The number of dispersal events remains unclear. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the native status of Barleria in the New World, resolving one of only three presumed natural Old World-New World disjunctions at the species level among Acanthaceae. This case constitutes a further documented example of the \"out-of-Africa\" pattern in the family, despite their lack of documented assisted-dispersal syndromes, and highlights the importance of long-distance dispersal to explain pantropical distributions in many families.
Publisher
Botanical Society of America, Inc,Botanical Society of America
Subject
