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Nickel variability in Hawaiian olivine; evaluating the relative contributions from mantle and crustal processes
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Nickel variability in Hawaiian olivine; evaluating the relative contributions from mantle and crustal processes
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Journal Article
Nickel variability in Hawaiian olivine; evaluating the relative contributions from mantle and crustal processes
2017
Overview
Olivine in Hawaiian tholeiitic lavas have high NiO at given forsterite (Fo) contents (e.g., 0.25-0.60 wt% at Fo88) compared to MORB (e.g., 0.10-0.28 wt% at Fo88). This difference is commonly related to source variables such as depth and temperature of melting and/or lithology. Hawaiian olivine NiO contents are also highly variable and can range from 0.25-0.60 wt% at a given Fo. Here we examine the effects of crustal processes (fractional crystallization, magma mixing, diffusive re-equilibration) on the Ni content in olivine from Hawaiian basalts. Olivine compositions for five major Hawaiian volcanoes can be subdivided at ≥Fo88 into high-Ni (0.25-0.60 wt% NiO; Ko'olau, Mauna Loa, and Mauna Kea) and low-Ni (0.25-0.45 wt% NiO; Kilauea and Lo'ihi), groups that are unrelated to major isotopic trends (e.g., Loa and Kea). Within each group, individual volcanoes show up to 2.5× variation in olivine NiO contents at a given Fo. Whole-rock Ni contents from Ko'olau, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, and Kilauea lavas overlap significantly and do not correlate with differences in olivine NiO contents. However, inter-volcano variations in parental melt polymerization (NBO/T) and nickel partition coefficients (DNiOl/melt), caused by variable melt SiO2, correlate with observed differences in olivine NiO at Fo90, indicating that an olivine-free source lithology does not produce the inter-volcano groups. Additionally, large intra-volcano variations in olivine NiO can occur with minimal variation in lava SiO2 and NBO/T. Minor variations in parental melt NiO contents (0.09-0.11 wt%) account for the observed range of NiO in ≥Fo88 olivine. High-precision electron microprobe analyses of olivine from Kilauea eruptions (1500-2010 C.E.) show that the primary controls on 50% more likely to preserve original Xpx compared to smaller phenocrysts (400 µm along c-axis) which rarely (6%) recover original Xpx. Sections that are parallel or sub-parallel to the c-axis and/or pass near the core of the crystal best preserve growth signatures. Thus, diffusive re-equilibration, crystal size, and sectioning effects can strongly influence the characterization of mantle source lithologies for Hawaiian volcanoes.
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