Journal Article

Auramine dyes induce toxic effects to aquatic organisms from different trophic levels: an application of predicted non-effect concentration (PNEC)

Grisolia, Cesar Koppe, Li, Augusto Tianwen, de Oliveira, Rhaul, Sousa-Moura, Diego, de Aragão Umbuzeiro, Gisela, de Jesus Azevedo, Carina Cristina, Suares-Rocha, Paula, Montagner, Cassiana Carolina

2021

Overview

The dyes Auramine and Auramine O are used in several industrial products, despite the scarce information regarding their ecotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to assess the acute and chronic toxicity of both dyes to aquatic organisms from different trophic levels ( Raphidocelis subcapitata , Daphnia similis , Hydra attenuata , and Danio rerio ) and calculate their predicted non-effect concentrations (PNEC). Auramine and Auramine O induced toxicity to all selected test organisms with L(E)C50 values ranging from 300 to 4800 ug/L. Both dyes induced inhibition in the growth rate of exposed algae, negatively affecting the reproduction of D. similis and induced deformities in H. attenuata (clubbed tentacles and shortened tentacles) and D. rerio (edemas, tail malformation and delay in yolk sac absorption). PNEC values of 0.92 μg/L and 4.0 μg/L were obtained for Auramine and Auramine O, respectively, based on results of the most sensitive test system (algae). Test results were analyzed using the Criteria of Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED), confirming their reliability and relevance. Thus, PNEC values can be used in future risk assessments of those substances in freshwater systems.

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: abnormal development / absorption / Algae / Animals / Aquatic life / Aquatic Organisms / Aquatic Pollution / Benzophenoneidum / Chronic toxicity / Coloring Agents / Consumers / Danio rerio / Daphnia / Daphnia similis / Dyes / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecotoxicology / Environment / Environmental Chemistry / Environmental Health / Environmental science / Food contamination & poisoning / freshwater / Growth rate / Hydra vulgaris / Industrial products / Organisms / Pollutants / Reliability analysis / Reproducibility of Results / reproduction / Research Article / risk / Risk assessment / Sediments / Selenastrum capricornutum / Sensitivity analysis / tail / Tentacles / Test organisms / Test systems / Textiles / Toxicity / Toxicity testing / Trophic levels / Waste Water Technology / Water Management / Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity / Water Pollution Control / Yolk / Yolk sac / Zebrafish