Journal Article

PERK is required at the ER-mitochondrial contact sites to convey apoptosis after ROS-based ER stress

Bultynck, G, Garg, A D, Decuypere, J-P, Verfaillie, T, Rizzuto, R, Linehan, C, Rubio, N, Gupta, S, Piette, J, Agostinis, P, Samali, A

2012

Overview

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is emerging as an important modulator of different pathologies and as a mechanism contributing to cancer cell death in response to therapeutic agents. In several instances, oxidative stress and the onset of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occur together; yet, the molecular events linking reactive oxygen species (ROS) to ER stress-mediated apoptosis are currently unknown. Here, we show that PERK (RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase), a key ER stress sensor of the unfolded protein response, is uniquely enriched at the mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). PERK −/− cells display disturbed ER morphology and Ca 2+ signaling as well as significantly weaker ER-mitochondria contact sites. Re-expression of a kinase-dead PERK mutant but not the cytoplasmic deletion mutant of PERK in PERK −/− cells re-establishes ER-mitochondria juxtapositions and mitochondrial sensitization to ROS-mediated stress. In contrast to the canonical ER stressor thapsigargin, during ROS-mediated ER stress, PERK contributes to apoptosis twofold by sustaining the levels of pro-apoptotic C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and by facilitating the propagation of ROS signals between the ER and mitochondria through its tethering function. Hence, this study reveals an unprecedented role of PERK as a MAMs component required to maintain the ER-mitochondria juxtapositions and propel ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, it suggests that loss of PERK may cause defects in cell death sensitivity in pathological conditions linked to ROS-mediated ER stress.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 631/80/642/1463 / 631/80/82/23 / 631/80/86/1999 / 631/92/607/275 / Animals / Apoptosis / Apoptosis - drug effects / Biochemistry / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Calcium Signaling / Cell Biology / Cell Cycle Analysis / Cell death / Cell Line / eIF-2 Kinase - antagonists & inhibitors / eIF-2 Kinase - genetics / eIF-2 Kinase - metabolism / Endoplasmic reticulum / Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress - drug effects / Enzymes / HCT116 Cells / Humans / Kinases / Life Sciences / Light / Membranes / Mice / Mitochondria / Mitochondria - metabolism / Mitochondrial Membranes - metabolism / Morphology / Original Paper / Oxidative stress / Proteins / Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism / Sensors / Stem Cells / Thapsigargin - pharmacology / Transcription Factor CHOP - metabolism / Unfolded Protein Response