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Plant terpenoid metabolism co-opts a component of the cell wall biosynthesis machinery
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Plant terpenoid metabolism co-opts a component of the cell wall biosynthesis machinery
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Journal Article
Plant terpenoid metabolism co-opts a component of the cell wall biosynthesis machinery
2020
Overview
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent molecular modifications in nature. Single or multiple sugars can decorate a wide range of acceptors from proteins to lipids, cell wall glycans and small molecules, dramatically affecting their activity. Here, we discovered that by ‘hijacking’ an enzyme of the cellulose synthesis machinery involved in cell wall assembly, plants evolved cellulose synthase-like enzymes (Csls) and acquired the capacity to glucuronidate specialized metabolites, that is, triterpenoid saponins. Apparently, endoplasmic reticulum-membrane localization of Csls and of other pathway proteins was part of evolving a new glycosyltransferase function, as plant metabolite glycosyltransferases typically act in the cytosol. Discovery of glucuronic acid transferases across several plant orders uncovered the long-pursued enzymatic reaction in the production of a low-calorie sweetener from licorice roots. Our work opens the way for engineering potent saponins through microbial fermentation and plant-based systems.
Evolution of a group of plant cellulose synthase-like enzymes into specialized glycosyltransferases in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane confers the ability to glucuronidate triterpenoid saponins and other specialized metabolites.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Chemistry and Materials Science
/ Cytosol
/ Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism
/ Enzymes
/ Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ Glucosyltransferases - genetics
/ Glucosyltransferases - metabolism
/ Glucuronic Acid - metabolism
/ Glycosyltransferases - genetics
/ Glycosyltransferases - metabolism
/ Lipids
/ Proteins
/ Saponins
/ Spinacia oleracea - genetics
/ Spinacia oleracea - metabolism
/ Sugar
