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High-power lithium batteries from functionalized carbon-nanotube electrodes
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Journal Article
High-power lithium batteries from functionalized carbon-nanotube electrodes
2010
Overview
Energy storage devices that can deliver high powers have many applications, including hybrid vehicles and renewable energy. Much research has focused on increasing the power output of lithium batteries by reducing lithium-ion diffusion distances, but outputs remain far below those of electrochemical capacitors and below the levels required for many applications. Here, we report an alternative approach based on the redox reactions of functional groups on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes. Layer-by-layer techniques are used to assemble an electrode that consists of additive-free, densely packed and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrode, which is several micrometres thick, can store lithium up to a reversible gravimetric capacity of ∼200 mA h g
−1
electrode
while also delivering 100 kW kg
electrode
−1
of power and providing lifetimes in excess of thousands of cycles, both of which are comparable to electrochemical capacitor electrodes. A device using the nanotube electrode as the positive electrode and lithium titanium oxide as a negative electrode had a gravimetric energy ∼5 times higher than conventional electrochemical capacitors and power delivery ∼10 times higher than conventional lithium-ion batteries.
A lithium battery whose positive electrode consists of functionalized carbon nanotubes can achieve higher energy densities than electrochemical capacitors while delivering higher power than conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
