Journal Article

The Effects of Two Intervention Strategies to Reduce the Intake of Salt and the Sodium-To-Potassium Ratio on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. A 4-Month Randomised Controlled Study among Healthy Families

Bjoernsbo, Kirsten Schroll, Joergensen, Niklas Rye, Andreasen, Anne Helms, Frederiksen, Amalie Kruse Sigersted, Riis, Nanna Louise, Trolle, Ellen, Munk, Jens Kristian, Toft, Ulla, Lassen, Anne Dahl

2020

Overview

The aim was to examine the effects of two different salt reduction strategies on selected cardiovascular risk factors. The study was a four-month cluster randomised controlled study. Eighty-nine healthy Danish families (309 individuals) were randomly assigned to either (A) gradually salt-reduced bread, (B) gradually salt-reduced bread and dietary counselling to further reduce salt intake and increase potassium intake or (C) standard bread (control). The effect was assessed using linear mixed models. Intention to treat analyses comparing changes in the three groups showed a significant reduction in body fat percent (−1.31% (−2.40; −0.23)) and a borderline significant reduction in total plasma cholesterol (−0.25 mmol/L (−0.51; 0.01) and plasma renin (−0.19 pmol/L (−0.39; 0.00) in group A compared to the control group. Adjusted complete case analyses showed a significant reduction in total plasma cholesterol (−0.29 mmol/L (−0.50; −0.08), plasma LDL cholesterol (−0.08 mmol/L (−0.15; −0.00)), plasma renin (−0.23 pmol/L (−0.41; −0.05)), plasma adrenaline (−0.03 nmol/L (−0.06; −0.01)) and body fat percent (−1.53% (−2.51; −0.54)) in group A compared to the control group. No significant changes were found in group B compared to the control group. In conclusion, receiving sodium reduce bread was associated with beneficial changes in cardiovascular risk factors. No adverse effects were observed.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Adipose Tissue / Adolescent / Adult / adverse effects / Bakeries / Blood pressure / Bread / Bread - analysis / breads / Cardiovascular disease / Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology / Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control / Child / Child, Preschool / Cholesterol - blood / Cluster Analysis / Consumption / Denmark / Diet - adverse effects / diet counseling / Diet, Healthy - methods / Diet, Sodium-Restricted - methods / epinephrine / Epinephrine - blood / Families & family life / Family Characteristics / Family counseling / Female / Food / Health care / Heart Disease Risk Factors / Humans / Intention to Treat Analysis / Linear Models / low density lipoprotein cholesterol / Male / Middle Aged / nutrients / Population / Potassium / Potassium, Dietary - analysis / Public health / renin / Renin - blood / Research centers / Risk factors / Salt / sodium / Sodium Chloride, Dietary - analysis / statistical models / Treatment Outcome