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Community composition and the environment modulate the population dynamics of type VI secretion in human gut bacteria
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Community composition and the environment modulate the population dynamics of type VI secretion in human gut bacteria
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Community composition and the environment modulate the population dynamics of type VI secretion in human gut bacteria
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Journal Article
Community composition and the environment modulate the population dynamics of type VI secretion in human gut bacteria
2023
Overview
Understanding the relationship between the composition of the human gut microbiota and the ecological forces shaping it is of great importance; however, knowledge of the biogeographical and ecological relationships between physically interacting taxa is limited. Interbacterial antagonism may play an important role in gut community dynamics, yet the conditions under which antagonistic behaviour is favoured or disfavoured by selection in the gut are not well understood. Here, using genomics, we show that a species-specific type VI secretion system (T6SS) repeatedly acquires inactivating mutations in
Bacteroides fragilis
in the human gut. This result implies a fitness cost to the T6SS, but we could not identify laboratory conditions under which such a cost manifests. Strikingly, experiments in mice illustrate that the T6SS can be favoured or disfavoured in the gut depending on the strains and species in the surrounding community and their susceptibility to T6SS antagonism. We use ecological modelling to explore the conditions that could underlie these results and find that community spatial structure modulates interaction patterns among bacteria, thereby modulating the costs and benefits of T6SS activity. Our findings point towards new integrative models for interrogating the evolutionary dynamics of type VI secretion and other modes of antagonistic interaction in microbiomes.
A combination of phylogenomics, mouse gut experimental assays and ecological modelling shows how community structure controls the fitness costs and benefits of the type VI secretion system in the human gut symbiont
Bacteroides fragilis
.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 45
/ 45/23
/ 45/77
/ 59
/ 64
/ 64/60
/ 96
/ Animals
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial Proteins - genetics
/ Biological and Physical Anthropology
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Ecology
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Humans
/ Mice
/ Mutation
/ Zoology
