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Ultrafast tunable lasers using lithium niobate integrated photonics
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Journal Article
Ultrafast tunable lasers using lithium niobate integrated photonics
2023
Overview
Early works
1
and recent advances in thin-film lithium niobate (LiNbO
3
) on insulator have enabled low-loss photonic integrated circuits
2
,
3
, modulators with improved half-wave voltage
4
,
5
, electro-optic frequency combs
6
and on-chip electro-optic devices, with applications ranging from microwave photonics to microwave-to-optical quantum interfaces
7
. Although recent advances have demonstrated tunable integrated lasers based on LiNbO
3
(refs.
8
,
9
), the full potential of this platform to demonstrate frequency-agile, narrow-linewidth integrated lasers has not been achieved. Here we report such a laser with a fast tuning rate based on a hybrid silicon nitride (Si
3
N
4
)–LiNbO
3
photonic platform and demonstrate its use for coherent laser ranging. Our platform is based on heterogeneous integration of ultralow-loss Si
3
N
4
photonic integrated circuits with thin-film LiNbO
3
through direct bonding at the wafer level, in contrast to previously demonstrated chiplet-level integration
10
, featuring low propagation loss of 8.5 decibels per metre, enabling narrow-linewidth lasing (intrinsic linewidth of 3 kilohertz) by self-injection locking to a laser diode. The hybrid mode of the resonator allows electro-optic laser frequency tuning at a speed of 12 × 10
15
hertz per second with high linearity and low hysteresis while retaining the narrow linewidth. Using a hybrid integrated laser, we perform a proof-of-concept coherent optical ranging (FMCW LiDAR) experiment. Endowing Si
3
N
4
photonic integrated circuits with LiNbO
3
creates a platform that combines the individual advantages of thin-film LiNbO
3
with those of Si
3
N
4
, which show precise lithographic control, mature manufacturing and ultralow loss
11
,
12
.
A frequency-tunable laser based on a hybrid silicon nitride and lithium niobate integrated photonic platform has a fast tuning rate and could be used for optical ranging applications.
