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Real‐World Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Analyzing Patient‐Specific Factors Influencing Survival and Response Rate
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Real‐World Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Analyzing Patient‐Specific Factors Influencing Survival and Response Rate
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Journal Article
Real‐World Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Analyzing Patient‐Specific Factors Influencing Survival and Response Rate
2025
Overview
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a globally significant disease with poor survival outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab have improved treatment paradigms, yet their real‐world efficacy and the factors influencing treatment outcomes remain underexplored. Aims This study aimed to evaluate real‐world outcomes of pembrolizumab and nivolumab therapy in patients with HNSCC and to identify clinical and laboratory factors associated with overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective analysis of 45 HNSCC patients treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab at the University Medical Center Mannheim. Patient‐specific factors, including tumor characteristics, PD‐L1 expression, and laboratory parameters, were assessed using Kaplan–Meier estimation, log‐rank tests, and multivariate regression models. The median OS and PFS were 10.4 months and 7.4 months, respectively, with an ORR of 22%. A tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% and absence of smoking or alcohol abuse significantly improved ORR, while female sex, high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and elevated leukocyte counts were associated with inferior OS and PFS. Real‐world outcomes largely aligned with the pivotal trials Keynote‐048 and CheckMate 141. Conclusion This study underscores the predictive value of TPS and patient lifestyle factors in ICI treatment for HNSCC. The findings also highlight sex‐specific differences, as well as NLR and leukocyte count as potential prognostic factors. Larger, more diverse cohorts are needed to confirm these results and refine patient selection strategies.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
Subject
/ Aged
/ Alcohol
/ Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - administration & dosage
/ Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use
/ Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use
/ B7-H1 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors
/ Female
/ Head and Neck Neoplasms - drug therapy
/ Head and Neck Neoplasms - immunology
/ Head and Neck Neoplasms - mortality
/ Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology
/ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
/ Humans
/ Immune checkpoint inhibitors
/ Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use
/ Male
/ Nivolumab - administration & dosage
/ Original
/ Patients
/ Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - drug therapy
/ Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - immunology
/ Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - mortality
