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The emergence of Sox and POU transcription factors predates the origins of animal stem cells
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The emergence of Sox and POU transcription factors predates the origins of animal stem cells
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Journal Article
The emergence of Sox and POU transcription factors predates the origins of animal stem cells
2024
Overview
Stem cells are a hallmark of animal multicellularity. Sox and POU transcription factors are associated with stemness and were believed to be animal innovations, reported absent in their unicellular relatives. Here we describe unicellular Sox and POU factors. Choanoflagellate and filasterean Sox proteins have DNA-binding specificity similar to mammalian Sox2. Choanoflagellate—but not filasterean—Sox can replace Sox2 to reprogram mouse somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through interacting with the mouse POU member Oct4. In contrast, choanoflagellate POU has a distinct DNA-binding profile and cannot generate iPSCs. Ancestrally reconstructed Sox proteins indicate that iPSC formation capacity is pervasive among resurrected sequences, thus loss of Sox2-like properties fostered Sox family subfunctionalization. Our findings imply that the evolution of animal stem cells might have involved the exaptation of a pre-existing set of transcription factors, where pre-animal Sox was biochemically similar to extant Sox, whilst POU factors required evolutionary innovations.
The pluripotency program is maintained by transcription factors from the Sox and POU families. Here they identify SOX and POU factors from unicellular relatives of animals and show that unicellular SOX can replace SOX2 to induce pluripotency, whilst unicellular POU differs from OCT4.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
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/ 42
/ 45/90
/ 64/60
/ 82/29
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/ 82/83
/ 96
/ Animals
/ Binding
/ Cellular Reprogramming - genetics
/ DNA
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology
/ Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism
/ Mice
/ Octamer Transcription Factor-3 - genetics
/ Octamer Transcription Factor-3 - metabolism
/ POU Domain Factors - genetics
/ POU Domain Factors - metabolism
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ SOX Transcription Factors - genetics
/ SOX Transcription Factors - metabolism
/ SOXB1 Transcription Factors - genetics
