Journal Article

Effect of a low glycemic index Mediterranean diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A randomized controlled clinici trial

Correale, M., Inguaggiato, R., del Pilar Díaz, M., Caruso, M.G., Franco, I., Bonfiglio, C., Reddavide, R., Caramia, D.V., Noviello, M.R., Mirizzi, A., Cisternino, A.M., Tanzi, M., Chiloiro, M., Misciagna, G., Abbrescia, D.I., Osella, Alberto Rubén

2017

Overview

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common form of liver disease worldwide affecting all ages and ethnic groups and it has become a consistent threat even in young people. Our aim was to estimate the effect of a Low Glycemic Index Mediterranean Diet (LGIMD) on the NAFLD score as measured by a Liver Ultrasonography (LUS). NUTRIzione in EPAtologia (NUTRIEPA) is a population-based Double-Blind RCT. Data were collected in 2011 and analyzed in 2013-14. 98 men and women coming from Putignano (Puglia, Southern Italy) were drawn from a previous randomly sampled population-based study and identified as having moderate or severe NAFLD. The intervention strategy was the assignment of a LGIMD or a control diet. The main outcome measure was NAFLD score, defined by LUS. After randomization, 50 subjects were assigned to a LGIMD and 48 to a control diet. The study lasted six months and all participants were subject to monthly controls/checks. Adherence to the LGIMD as measured by Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) showed a median of 10.1. A negative interaction between time and LGIMD on the NAFLD score (-4.14, 95% CI -6.78,-1.49) was observed, and became more evident at the sixth month (-4.43, 95%CI -7.15, -1.71). A positive effect of the interaction among LGIMD, time and age (Third month: 0.07, 95% CI 0.02, 0.12; Sixth month: 0.08, 95% CI 0.03,0.13) was also observed. LGIMD was found to decrease the NAFLD score in a relatively short time. Encouraging those subjects who do not seek medical attention but still have NAFLD to follow a LGIMD and other life-style interventions, may reduce the degree of severity of the disease. Dietary intervention of this kind, could also form the cornerstone of primary prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease.

• Publisher: Elsevier Masson SAS,Springer Paris,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Adult / Aged / Aging / Blood Glucose - physiology / Blood Pressure - physiology / Body Height - physiology / Body Weight - physiology / Cardiovascular disease / cardiovascular diseases / Diabetes / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control / Diet / Diet, Mediterranean / Double-Blind Method / Epidemiology / fatty liver / Female / Gastrointestinal surgery / Geriatrics/Gerontology / Glycemic index / Glycemic Index - physiology / Hepatic steatosis / Humans / Hypotheses / Insulin - blood / Intervention / Italy / Laboratories / Life Style / lifestyle / liver / Liver diseases / low glycemic index Mediterranean diet / Male / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Mediterranean diet / men / Metabolic syndrome / Middle Aged / Minority & ethnic groups / nationalities and ethnic groups / Neurosciences / Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - blood / Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diet therapy / Nutrition / Nutrition research / nutritional intervention / Primary Care Medicine / Quality of Life Research / Surveys and Questionnaires / Ultrasonic imaging / ultrasonography / women