Journal Article

Decision-Making in Frontotemporal Dementia: Clinical, Theoretical and Legal Implications

Torralva, Teresa, Gleichgerrcht, Ezequiel, Roca, María, Bekinschtein, Tristán, Manes, Facundo, Ibáñez, Agustín

2011

Overview

Background: The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterized by progressive changes in personality and social interaction, loss of empathy, disinhibition and impulsivity, most of which generally precede the onset of cognitive deficits. In this study, we investigated decision-making cognition in a group of patients with an early bvFTD diagnosis whose standard neuropsychological performance was within normal range for all variables. Methods: The Iowa Gambling Task was administered to this group of early bvFTD patients, to a group of early bvFTD patients who had shown impaired performance on the classical neuropsychological battery and to healthy controls. Results: Decision-making was impaired in both bvFTD patient groups, whether they had shown impaired or normal performance in the classical neuropsychological evaluation. Conclusions: Patients with early bvFTD may perform normally on standard cognitive tests, and yet develop severe deficits in judgment and decision-making. In many current legal systems, early bvFTD patients showing preserved cognitive functioning who commit unlawful acts run the risk of not being able to plead insane or not guilty on the grounds of diminished responsibility beyond reasonable doubt. This represents a unique legal and ethical dilemma. Our findings have important implications for medicolegal decisions relating to capacity and culpability, and regarding the philosophical concept of ‘free will’.

• Publisher: Karger,S. Karger AG
• Subject: Aged / Biological and medical sciences / Cardiovascular system / Cognition / Cognition - physiology / Cognitive functioning / Cognitive impairment / Culpability / Decision making / Decision Making - physiology / Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases / Dementia / Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders / Diminished responsibility / Disinhibition / Empathy / Ethics / Female / Free will / Frontotemporal / Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration - psychology / Gambling / Groups / Humans / Impulsivity / Insanity Defense / Judgment / Legal system / Male / Medical decision making / Medical diagnosis / Medical sciences / Medicolegal aspects / Memory - physiology / Mental Recall - physiology / Middle Aged / Neurology / Neuropsychological assessment / Neuropsychological Tests / Neuropsychology / Original Research Article / Patients / Personality / Pharmacology. Drug treatments / Psychomotor Performance - physiology / Reasonable doubt / Social interaction / Unlawful / Vasodilator agents. Cerebral vasodilators / Verbal Behavior - physiology