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Temperature-dependent appearance of forensically useful flies on carcasses
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Temperature-dependent appearance of forensically useful flies on carcasses
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Journal Article
Temperature-dependent appearance of forensically useful flies on carcasses
2014
Overview
Flies are frequently used for postmortem interval (PMI) estimations. These estimates are usually based on the age of larval or pupal specimens. However, the age defines only the minimum PMI. In order to move forensic entomology further, a method useful for the estimation of an interval preceding insect appearance on a corpse called the pre-appearance interval (PAI) is needed. Recently, it was demonstrated that the PAI of several carrion beetles is closely related to the temperature prevailing throughout this interval. Hence, it was postulated to estimate PAI from temperature. In order to check premises for using this approach with flies, a test of the relationship between adult or oviposition PAI and temperature was made for nine species of European flies. Data on PAI originated from pig carcasses decomposing under various temperatures. Adult PAI of
Hydrotaea dentipes
,
Hydrotaea ignava
,
Hydrotaea similis
,
Phormia regina
, and
Stearibia nigriceps
and oviposition PAI of
S
.
nigriceps
were exponentially related to temperature. Only
S
.
nigriceps
revealed a close relationship, demonstrating solid premises for PAI estimation from temperature alone. Adult and oviposition PAI of
Calliphora vomitoria
and adult PAI of
Hydrotaea pilipes
were not related to temperature. Adult and oviposition PAI of
Lucilia sericata
and
Lucilia caesar
responded similarly, with an abrupt and large increase in a narrow range of low temperatures and no response in a broad range of high temperatures. Probably, different mechanisms form the basis for the response of PAI to temperature in flies colonizing carcasses shortly after death and flies colonizing carcasses later in the decomposition process.
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