Journal Article

Effects of consuming sugars and alternative sweeteners during pregnancy on maternal and child health: evidence for a secondhand sugar effect

Goran, M. I., Ventura, E. E., Plows, J. F.

2019

Overview

Consumption of sugar and alternative low- or no-energy sweeteners has increased in recent decades. However, it is still uncertain how consumption of sugar and alternative sweeteners during pregnancy affects pregnancy outcomes and long-term offspring health. This review aims to collate the available evidence surrounding the consequences of sugar and alternative sweetener consumption during pregnancy, a so-called secondhand sugar effect. We found evidence that sugar consumption during pregnancy may contribute to increased gestational weight gain and the development of pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and preterm birth. Further, we found a growing body of the animal and human evidence that maternal sugar intake during pregnancy may impact neonatal and childhood metabolism, taste perception and obesity risk. Emerging evidence also suggests that both maternal and paternal preconception sugar intakes are linked to offspring metabolic outcomes, perhaps via epigenetic alterations to the germline. While there have been fewer studies of the impacts of alternative sweetener consumption before and during pregnancy, there is some evidence to suggest effects on infant outcomes including preterm birth risk, increased infant body composition and offspring preference for sweet foods, although mechanisms are unclear. We conclude that preconception and gestational sugar and alternative sweetener consumption may negatively impact pregnancy outcomes and offspring health and that there is a need for further observational, mechanistic and intervention research in this area.

• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Subject: Animals / Babies / Beverages / Birth / Body composition / Body weight gain / Child Health / childhood / Children / Childrens health / Conference on ‘Getting energy balance right’ / Diabetes mellitus / Diet / Dietary Sugars / epigenetics / Female / Fetuses / Food / Food preferences / Food supply / germ cells / Gestational diabetes / Health / Health risks / Homeostasis / Humans / Infant / Infant, Newborn / Infants / Maternal & child health / Maternal Health / Metabolism / Mothers / Neonates / Nutrition Society Summer Meeting 2018 / Obesity / Offspring / Pediatrics / Plenary Lecture 1: Rank Prize Lecture / Pre-eclampsia / Pregnancy / Pregnancy Complications / Pregnancy Outcome / Premature birth / progeny / Proteins / Risk perception / Studies / Sugar / sugars / Sweet taste / Sweeteners / Sweetening Agents / taste / Taste perception / weight gain / Womens health