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Reversible amorphization and the catalytically active state of crystalline Co3O4 during oxygen evolution
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Reversible amorphization and the catalytically active state of crystalline Co3O4 during oxygen evolution
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Journal Article
Reversible amorphization and the catalytically active state of crystalline Co3O4 during oxygen evolution
2015
Overview
Water splitting catalysed by earth-abundant materials is pivotal for global-scale production of non-fossil fuels, yet our understanding of the active catalyst structure and reactivity is still insufficient. Here we report on the structurally reversible evolution of crystalline Co
3
O
4
electrocatalysts during oxygen evolution reaction identified using advanced
in situ
X-ray techniques. At electrode potentials facilitating oxygen evolution, a sub-nanometre shell of the Co
3
O
4
is transformed into an X-ray amorphous CoO
x
(OH)
y
which comprises di-μ-oxo-bridged Co
3+/4+
ions. Unlike irreversible amorphizations, here, the formation of the catalytically-active layer is reversed by re-crystallization upon return to non-catalytic electrode conditions. The Co
3
O
4
material thus combines the stability advantages of a controlled, stable crystalline material with high catalytic activity, thanks to the structural flexibility of its active amorphous oxides. We propose that crystalline oxides may be tailored for generating reactive amorphous surface layers at catalytic potentials, just to return to their stable crystalline state under rest conditions.
Understanding of catalyst structure and reactivity is important for the development of water splitting catalysts. Here, the authors report reversible structural transformation of the near-surface of crystalline Co
3
O
4
electrocatalysts to an amorphous CoO
x
(OH)
y
during oxygen evolution.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Pub. Group
Subject
