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The sex-specific factor SOA controls dosage compensation in Anopheles mosquitoes
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Journal Article
The sex-specific factor SOA controls dosage compensation in Anopheles mosquitoes
2023
Overview
The
Anopheles
mosquito is one of thousands of species in which sex differences play a central part in their biology, as only females need a blood meal to produce eggs. Sex differentiation is regulated by sex chromosomes, but their presence creates a dosage imbalance between males (XY) and females (XX). Dosage compensation (DC) can re-equilibrate the expression of sex chromosomal genes. However, because DC mechanisms have only been fully characterized in a few model organisms, key questions about its evolutionary diversity and functional necessity remain unresolved
1
. Here we report the discovery of a previously uncharacterized gene (
sex chromosome activation
(
SOA
)) as a master regulator of DC in the malaria mosquito
Anopheles gambiae
. Sex-specific alternative splicing prevents functional SOA protein expression in females. The male isoform encodes a DNA-binding protein that binds the promoters of active X chromosomal genes. Expressing male SOA is sufficient to induce DC in female cells. Male mosquitoes lacking SOA or female mosquitoes ectopically expressing the male isoform exhibit X chromosome misregulation, which is compatible with viability but causes developmental delay. Thus, our molecular analyses of a DC master regulator in a non-model organism elucidates the evolutionary steps that lead to the establishment of a chromosome-specific fine-tuning mechanism.
A newly identified gene,
sex chromosome activation
(
SOA
), is a master regulator of dosage compensation in
Anopheles gambiae
.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 14/19
/ 38/1
/ 38/23
/ 38/32
/ 38/39
/ 38/77
/ 38/90
/ 45/91
/ 82
/ 82/58
/ 96/106
/ 96/63
/ Animals
/ DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
/ DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
/ Dosage
/ Dosage Compensation, Genetic
/ Female
/ Females
/ Genes
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Insect Proteins - metabolism
/ Insects
/ Malaria
/ Male
/ Males
/ Peptides
/ Protein Isoforms - metabolism
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ Sex Differentiation - genetics
/ Sexes
