Journal Article

Perioperative Trends in Distress Among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Rowe, Dana G., Woo, Joshua, Dalton, Juliet C., Johnson, Margaret O., Kaplan, Samantha, Dalton, Tara, Erickson, Melissa M., O'Callaghan, Ellen, Goodwin, C. Rory, Yoo, Seeley, Goodwin, Andrea N., Owolo, Edwin, Crowell, Kerri‐Anne

2025

Overview

Introduction Distress is common among cancer patients, especially those undergoing surgery. However, no study has systematically analyzed distress trends in this population. The purpose of this study was to systematically review perioperative rates of distress, as well as differences across cancer types, in cancer patients undergoing surgical intervention. Methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and APA PsycINFO (searched until July 17, 2023). Included studies were clinical studies of cancer patients undergoing surgery reporting distress measured by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress thermometer (DT). Data on study and patient characteristics, and preoperative and postoperative distress rates were extracted. Results were pooled, and overall distress rates were calculated as weighted means. Subanalysis by cancer type was performed. Three meta‐analyses were conducted: (1) preoperative distress, (2) postoperative distress, and (3) change in distress. Results Fifty‐seven studies including 13,410 cancer patients were reviewed. Most patients were female (67.4%), White (77.8%), and married/partnered (72.2%), with an average age of 59.2 years. The most common cancers were breast (14 studies), brain (8), and colorectal (7). Weighted mean pre‐ and postoperative distress scores were 5.1 and 4.5, respectively. Distress remained high through 30 days postoperatively, then declined thereafter. Brain cancer patients reported the highest postoperative distress (5.1), followed by breast cancer patients (4.9). Conclusion The perioperative phase is a critical period of elevated distress in cancer patients. Preoperatively, patients experience moderate to severe levels of distress, which persist throughout the early postoperative phase, gradually declining from the 1‐month postoperative mark onwards. Distress is common among cancer patients. A systematic review of 57 studies found that distress levels are moderate to severe preoperatively and persist through the early postoperative phase, gradually declining from the 1‐month postoperative mark onwards. Notably, patients with brain cancer reported the highest postoperative distress levels, followed by those with breast cancer.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Cancer / Clinical significance / Cohort analysis / Demographics / distress / Female / HRQOL / Humans / Male / Medical diagnosis / Meta-analysis / Neoplasms - psychology / Neoplasms - surgery / oncology surgery / Patients / perioperative / Perioperative Period - psychology / Postoperative period / Psychological Distress / quality of life / Review / Stress, Psychological - epidemiology / Stress, Psychological - etiology / Surgery / Systematic review / Trends