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Rosemary essenitial oil counters MnO2 nanoparticle-induced fertility deficits in rats via antioxidant mechanisms and upregulation of StAR signalling
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Rosemary essenitial oil counters MnO2 nanoparticle-induced fertility deficits in rats via antioxidant mechanisms and upregulation of StAR signalling
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Journal Article
Rosemary essenitial oil counters MnO2 nanoparticle-induced fertility deficits in rats via antioxidant mechanisms and upregulation of StAR signalling
2025
Overview
Manganese, an essential nutrient for male reproductive health, exerts dose-dependent effects, with excessive exposure—particularly to manganese dioxide nanoparticles (
MnO
2
-NPs
) from environmental or industrial sources inducing gonadal damage via oxidative stress, hormonal disruption, and impaired steroidogenesis. This study evaluated rosemary essential oil (
REO
) against
MnO
2
-NP
-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats (130 ± 10 g) were divided into six groups (
n
= 12): Group I (deionized water), Group II (saline), Group III (
MnO
2
-NP
, 100 mg/kg bw/day), Group IV (
REO
, 250 mg/kg/day), Protective Group V (
REO
pre-treatment +
MnO
2
-NPs
), and Therapeutic Group VI (
MnO
2
-NPs + REO
co-treatment) for 56 days.
MnO
2
-NP
exposure caused testicular injury, marked by elevated lipid peroxidation (↑malondialdehyde, ↑nitric oxide), suppressed antioxidants (↓total antioxidant capacity, ↓catalase, ↓glutathione), impaired sperm parameters (motility, count, morphology), and altered serum hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone). These effects correlated with downregulated steroidogenesis genes (
StAR
,
HSD-3β
,
CYP11A1
). Both Protective and Therapeutic REO treatment mitigated
MnO
2
-NPs
oxidative stress, restored hormonal balance, and normalized gene expression. Histopathology revealed reduced seminiferous tubule degeneration and enhanced spermatogenesis in
REO
groups. Findings demonstrate
REO’s
efficacy in alleviating
MnO
2
-NPs
induced reproductive toxicity via antioxidant and steroidogenic modulation, positioning
REO
as a promising therapeutic against nanomaterial-induced gonadotoxicity.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
