Journal Article

Verteporfin‐Mediated In Situ Nanovaccine Based on Local Conventional‐Dose Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Enhances Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effect

Yang, Yueling, Meng, Fanyan, Li, Lin, Yu, Lixia, Shao, Jie, Diao, Shanchao, Ge, Yuchen, Chen, Anni, Tian, Manman, Zhang, Zhifan, Zhou, Yingling, Qian, Xiaoping, Liu, Baorui, Li, Rutian, Xie, Chen, Chen, Qianyue, Lin, Zhaoyu

2025

Overview

In situ radiotherapy is the most successful cytotoxic therapy available for the treatment of solid tumors, while high‐dose radiotherapy per fraction is not yet widely and reliably used. To some extent, the major considerations of the disappointing results are on the risk of high‐dose irradiation‐induced damage to the surrounding normal tissues and the difficulty in distant metastasis control. To break these restraints, a gelatinase‐responsive amphiphilic methoxypolyethyleneglycol–PVGLIG–polycaprolactone (mPEG–PVGLIG–PCL) nanoparticles’ loading verteporfin (N@VP), a special photosensitizer that can also be excited by X‐rays to produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen and greatly enhance radiotherapy efficacy, is prepared in this study. Herein, it is shown that the formed N@VP combined with conventional‐dose radiation therapy (RT, 2 Gy (gray, a radiation dose unit)) can realize an antitumor effect no less than high‐dose RT (8 Gy) and minimize radiation dose necessary to achieve local tumor control. Moreover, this radiosensitive nanosystem can exert excellent systemic antitumor immunity and abscopal effect, providing a preferable “in situ vaccine” strategy based on conventional‐dose RT to achieve efficient systemic management of distant tumor metastasis. When combined with immunotherapy, this novel strategy for radiosensitization results in better immunotherapy sensitivity by stimulating significant immunogenic tumor cell death and synergistic antitumor immune responses. Here gelatinase‐responsive methoxypolyethyleneglycol–PVGLIG–polycaprolactone (mPEG–PVGLIG–PCL) nanoparticles’ loading verteporfin (N@VP) is developed, enhancing radiotherapy via X‐ray‐triggered singlet oxygen generation. Combined with 2 Gy (gray, a radiation dose unit) irradiation, N@VP achieves antitumor efficacy comparable to 8 Gy, and also promotes systemic antitumor immunity, abscopal effects, and synergizes with immunotherapy by inducing tumor cell pyroptosis, offering a more advantageous radiosensitization strategy for metastatic control based on conventional‐dose radiotherapy.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Animals / Antigens / Cancer therapies / Cancer Vaccines / Cell death / Cell Line, Tumor / Cytotoxicity / Design / DNA damage / Drug dosages / Female / Humans / hypofractionated radiotherapy / Immune response / immunomodulatory effect / Lasers / Light / Lung cancer / Metastasis / Mice / Nanoparticles / Nanoparticles - chemistry / nanovaccination / Nanovaccines / Neoplasms - immunology / Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology / Radiation Dose Hypofractionation / Radiation therapy / radiosensitization / Reactive oxygen species / Side effects / Tumors / tumor‐targeting nanoparticles / verteporfin / Verteporfin - pharmacology / X-rays