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Emergence of mixed infection of Beijing/Non-Beijing strains among multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pakistan
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Emergence of mixed infection of Beijing/Non-Beijing strains among multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pakistan
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Journal Article
Emergence of mixed infection of Beijing/Non-Beijing strains among multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pakistan
2016
Overview
Tuberculosis (TB) remains as one of the deadliest diseases after HIV globally with 95 % of deaths confined to low-and-middle income countries. Pakistan is fifth among the 22 high-burden TB countries with the incidence rate of 230/100,000 persons, however, studies related to prevalent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains and their spread, drug resistance pattern and evolutionary genetics are inadequate. The present study was undertaken to highlight the circulation of
M. tuberculosis
strains causing drug resistant TB in our community by targeting the molecular marker
IS6110
and then characterization of these strains as Beijing and Non-Beijing genotypes. Sputum samples from 102 MDR TB suspects from different cities of Punjab were collected and their record was stored in a database. Sputum samples were evaluated by Ziehl Neelson staining and cultured on Lownstein Jensen medium by Modified Petroff’s method. DST was performed for first-line anti-mycobacterial drugs by indirect proportion method.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates were investigated for the presence of
IS6110
and further identification as Beijing, Non-Beijing or mixed genotype. Percentage of male and female patients was found to be 58.8 and 41.2 % respectively. DST showed resistance of 93 % of isolates to isoniazid and rifampicin. All of the isolates showed positive results for
IS6110
amplification. Based on PCR amplification of Beijing and non-Beijing primer sets 4.9 % of the patients showed infection with pure Beijing isolates, 14.7 % with both Beijing and non-Beijing isolates and 80.3 % with pure non-Beijing isolates. Analysis of
IS6110
and Beijing sequences showed the presence of putative
transposase
conserved domain while non-Beijing sequences were epitomized with RAMP_I_III superfamily domain (CRISPR-associated protein family). TB in Pakistan is predominantly caused by Non-Beijing genotypes, but Beijing strains showed incessant circulation in our community as both single and mixed (co-infecting Non-Beijing and Beijing) strains.
