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Behavioral (reaction time) and prefrontal cortex response revealed differences in grief vs. sadness perception
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Behavioral (reaction time) and prefrontal cortex response revealed differences in grief vs. sadness perception
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Journal Article
Behavioral (reaction time) and prefrontal cortex response revealed differences in grief vs. sadness perception
2025
Overview
Research on basic emotions has expanded beyond the traditional six categories, identifying over 20 distinct emotional states. However, differentiating some emotions remained challenging due to partially overlapping facial expressions.
Grief
and
sadness
are two such emotions that are difficult to distinguish. This study investigated the behavioral and neural mechanisms of
grief
perception in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), comparing it with
sadness
. Participants categorized and rated emotional facial images in grief and sadness conditions on valence, arousal, and dominance scales. While participants perceiving emotional facial images
prefrontal cortex
(PFC) hemodynamic activities were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Explicit behavioral responses showed no significant differences, however implicit measures (reaction times) revealed distinctions between
grief
and
sadness
perception. Further fNIRS results indicated increased oxy-Hb in the right dorsolateral PFC for
grief
condition images compared to
sadness
condition images. Additionally, cultural differences were observed, with Asian participants showing higher oxy-Hb responses in the dorsal PFC for unpleasant facial stimuli in grief conditions. These findings support cultural variability in emotion perception and regulation. The combination of behavioral reaction time and neuroimaging data suggests distinct implicit perceptual and neural processing mechanisms for
grief
and
sadness
. This indicates separate automatic implicit mechanisms for these emotions.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Adult
/ Arousal
/ Emotions
/ Female
/ Grief
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Prefrontal Cortex - physiology
/ Science
